Relationship between morphological change of nasomaxillary complex and nasal respiratory function following to maxillary protraction

本研究的目的是从以下三个方面阐明上颌前方牵引对上颌前牙的影响：（1）牵引方向的不同，其形态学和组织学改变的差异。(2)鼻咽软组织对牵引前后上颌骨变化的适应性。(3)鼻气道阻力的变化与实验过程中形态学变化的关系：（1）头影测量分析显示，在常规前牵引方向上，上牙弓向近中移动，咬合平面逆时针旋转。在骨骼变化中，腭平面既有向前移动，也有反向旋转。特别是腭平面的远端向下移动。在下颌骨中，尽管切牙的舌向倾斜，但未显示出重大变化。对于从抵抗中心向前延伸的动物， 关于我们 上颌骨向前移动，上牙合平面和腭平面向上级移动。腭平面不顺时针旋转。对于（2）：在钢板上的软组织厚度方面，两组之间没有差异，并且没有病理变化。两组中还观察到腭横缝的前后开口。在从阻力中心向前伸的动物中，在缝线的上级和下平面上可见吸收陷窝。在鼻底骨表面也可见。对于（3）：对猴鼻气道阻力的测量表明，主动前鼻孔法可获得较稳定的测量结果。随着腭部运动方向和程度的不同，鼻气道阻力的变化规律也不同。也就是说，在常规延长的猴子中，鼻气道阻力降低，而在从上颌阻力中心向前-向前延长的动物中，鼻气道阻力有增加的趋势。这一事实表明，呼吸功能可以改变随着鼻容积的变化，上颌前牵引。并认为这一结论可为临床提供有益的参考。少

The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the effects of maxillary protraction in the the following three point ; (1) the difference of morphological and histological changes according with the difference of direction for the traction. (2) adaptaion of nasopharyngeal soft tissue to the maxillary skeletal changes during and after the traction. (3) relationship between the change of resistance of nasal airway and the morphological change during the experience.For (1) : according to the cephalometric analysis, in the conventional direction of protraction, upper dental arch had moved mesially with counter clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane. In the skeletal change, forward movement as well as counterc lockwise rotation of the palatal plane was shown. Especially the distal part of the palatal plane moved downward. In the mandible, major change was not shown in spite of the lingual inclination of the incisors. For the animals protacted antero-inferiorly from the center of resista … More nce of the maxilla, forward movement of the maxillary complex with superior movement of upper occlusal plane and palatal plane. And, palatal plane did not rotate clockwisely. For (2) : In the thickness of the soft tissue on the plate, there was no difference between the two groups, and there was no pathological changes. Also antero-posterior opening of the transverse palatine suture was seen in the two groups. In the animals protracted antero-inferiorly from the center of resistance, absorbtion lacuna were seen on the superior and inferior plane of the suture. And they were also seen on the bone surface of nasal floor. For (3) : To measure the resistance of nasal airway of the monkey, it was shown that comparatively stable measurement could be obtained with active anterior method. With the differences of direction and degree of palatal movement, changing pattern on the resistance of nasal airway. That is, in the monkeys protracted conventionally, the resistance of nasal airway decreased, however, in the animals protracted antero-inferiorly from the center of maxillary resistance, it tended to increase. This fact shows that respiratory function can be changed following to the change of nasal volume with maxillary protraction. And it is thought to give an useful suggestion to the clinical aspect of orthodontics. Less