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Molecular evolution and phylogenetic analysis among higher fungi

高等真菌的分子进化和系统发育分析

基本信息

批准号：
05454030
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Junta
金额：
$ 4.1万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Using a phylogeny from molecules (mainly 18S rRNA gene sequences) and morphology, we drew the modern phylogenetic pictures in the major higher fungal taxa. The principal results are as follows. 1.We detected the major new lineage "Archiascomycetes", which we proposed, within the Ascomycota based on the 18S rRNA sequences. This lineage diverged first among the ascomycetes, prior to the divergence of the himiascomycetes and euascomycetes. 2.To date almost all mycologists have believed that Mixia osmundae is a member of the ascomycetes, related to the Protomycetales and Taphrinales. An analysis from both molecule (18S rRNA) and morphology (sporangium) indicated that this fungus is assigned to the simple septate basidio-mycetes. 3.We found a common group I intron sequence between a plant-parasitic fungus Proto-myces inouyei, and its host, Youngia japonica. It strongly suggests that the group I intron had been transferred from the host plant to the parasitic fungus in the course of evolution. 4.Phylogenetically three major lineages among basidiomycetes have been detected. A good correlation between 18S rRNA gene, septal Pore types, and cell wall chemistry was found in basidiomycetous yeasts. 5.The ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are monophyletic, whereas the chytridiomycetes and zygomycetes are polyphyletic. Our analysis suggests loss of flagella on several lineages and great divergence among the chytrids. 6.Using KL1C/KL1, a parallel logic programming language, we developed programs Contour/1 and Transverse/3 to calculate maximum likehood values of arbitary molecular phylogenetic trees.

利用分子（主要是18S rRNA基因序列）和形态的系统发育图，绘制了主要高等真菌类群的现代系统发育图。主要结果如下：1.我们根据18S rRNA序列，在子囊菌群中发现了我们提出的主要新谱系“Archiascomycetes”。这一谱系首先在子囊菌中分化，在子囊菌和真子囊菌分化之前。2.到目前为止，几乎所有的真菌学家都认为水果菌是子囊菌的一员，与原子囊菌和塔夫菌有关。从分子（18S rRNA）和形态（孢子囊）两方面分析表明，该真菌属于简单分生担子菌。3.我们发现植物寄生真菌原真菌inouyei和它的寄主young gia japonica之间有一个共同的I组内含子序列。这表明I族内含子是在进化过程中从寄主植物转移到寄生真菌的。4.在担子菌中发现了三个主要的系统发育谱系。在担子菌酵母中发现18S rRNA基因、间隔孔类型和细胞壁化学具有良好的相关性。5.子囊菌和担子菌是单系的，而壶菌和接合菌是多系的。我们的分析表明，在几个谱系中鞭毛的缺失和壶菌之间的巨大分歧。6.利用并行逻辑编程语言KL1C/KL1，分别开发了Contour/1和Transverse/3程序，计算任意分子系统发育树的最大似然值。