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Fundamental Studies on Optimization of Environment in Plant Production

植物生产环境优化基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
05454105
负责人：
EGUCHI Hiromi
金额：
$ 3.39万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Environmental effects on whole plant water relations, root physiological functions and translocation of photoassimilates were analyzed by using cucumber plants and sweet potato plants with the view of integrating data base for environmental optimization in plant production. Evaporative demand (ED) and its impact (Imp) on plant water relations were defined quantitatively by using environmental factors and leaf characteristics. Dynamics of ED and Imp directly related to plant water balance, stomatal movement, leaf growth, dry matter production and water use efficiency, and this suggests the applicability of control of ED and Imp for optimizing plant water relations. An environment control system of airtight hydroponics was newly developed for measurements of root respiration and water uptake rates and for ^<18>O_2tracing. Root water uptake in O_2-deficient nutrient solution was promoted with aerial O_2 in darkness, and appeared simultaneous in dynamics with root respiration. It was found that ^<18>O_2 applied to aerial environment is respired by root respiration in O_2-deficient nutrient solution. These facts suggest that aerial O_2is transported through leaves for root respiration in cucumber plants grown in an O_2-deficient root environment, and this results in improvement of water uptake. On translocation of photoassimilates, two culture systems were newly developed for analyzing environmental effects on sink-source relationships : (1) a sand culture system where sink and source environments can be controlled independently : (2) a solution-air culture system in which storage sink and utilization sink are separated by keeping tuberous root in air space and fibrous roots in nutrient solution. On those systems, the optimum temperature and humidity conditions for tuberous root growth were examined. The methodology newly established can be helpful for integrating quantitative data base for optimization of plant environments.

以黄瓜植株和甘薯植株为材料，分析了环境对植物全株水分关系、根系生理功能和光合作用的影响，旨在为植物生产中的环境优化提供数据库支持。利用环境因子和叶片特性，定量定义了蒸发需要量及其对植物水分关系的影响。ED和IMP的动态变化与植物水分平衡、气孔运动、叶片生长、干物质生产和水分利用效率直接相关，这表明控制ED和IMP对优化植物水分关系是可行的。密闭水培环境控制系统是一种新研制的用于根系呼吸和吸水速率测量和18&gt；O_2示踪的环境控制系统。在黑暗条件下，低氧营养液中的水分吸收随空气中O2浓度的增加而增加，且与根系呼吸的动态变化同步。结果表明，在低氧营养液中，大气环境中施加的18&gt；O_2是通过根系呼吸进行呼吸的。这些事实表明，在缺氧的根环境中生长的黄瓜植株通过叶片向根呼吸输送O_2，从而提高了黄瓜的吸水能力。在光同化物转运方面，为分析环境对库-源关系的影响，新发展了两种培养系统：(1)沙培系统，其中库和源环境可独立控制；(2)溶液-空气培养系统，通过将块茎根保存在空中，将须根保存在营养液中，将贮存库和利用库分开。在此基础上，对块根生长的最适温湿度条件进行了研究。新建立的方法有助于集成植物环境优化的定量数据库。