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Enironmental and physiological studies for optimization of transport systems in plants.

优化植物运输系统的环境和生理研究。

基本信息

批准号：
08456132
负责人：
EGUCHI Hiromi
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Plant production depends on dynamics of transport systems in plants and their environments, where substances contributing plant production (e.g. water, photoassimilates, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nutrients) are exchanged and distributed among plant organs and their environments. This study deals with analyses of environmental effects on the transport systems concerned with root physiological functions, expansive growth of plant organs (i.e. leaf, fruit and tuber), translocation of photoassimilates and sink-source relationship in the whole plant of a leaf vegetable (lettuce), fruit vegetables (tomato and cucumber) and a root crop (sweetpotato). Hydroponic systems were newly developed for accurate control of dissolved 0_2 concentration and for solution-air culture of sweetpotato. Furthermore, plant responses were measured by the newly developed methods, i.e., 1) laser sensor systems for on-line and non-contact measurements of growth rates in fruit, stem and tuber, 2) a chamber system for on-line measurements of water balance, respiration and sap flux in an intact tomato fruit and 3) a method for evaluating translocational flux of photoassimilates through a tomato pedicel. Mechanisms of effects of root environment (i.e. dissolved 0_2 concentration and water condition) and shoot environment (i.e. light, temperature and humidity) were revealed on the basis of dynamics of the transport systems concerned. These methods and information-established for the intact whole plant can be considered to contribute to logic of environment control for optimizing dynamics of the transport systems in plants and their environment.

植物生产取决于植物及其环境中运输系统的动态，其中有助于植物生产的物质（例如水、光同化物、二氧化碳、氧气和养分）在植物器官及其环境之间交换和分配。本研究分析了环境对运输系统的影响，涉及叶类蔬菜（生菜）、果类蔬菜（番茄和黄瓜）和块根作物（甘薯）的根部生理功能、植物器官（即叶子、果实和块茎）的扩张生长、光同化物的易位和整个植株的库-源关系。新开发的水培系统用于精确控制溶解0_2浓度和甘薯溶液空气培养。此外，通过新开发的方法测量植物反应，即1）用于在线和非接触式测量果实、茎和块茎生长速率的激光传感器系统，2）用于在线测量完整番茄果实中的水平衡、呼吸和液流的室系统，以及3）用于评估光同化物通过番茄花梗的易位通量的方法。基于相关运输系统的动态，揭示了根部环境（即溶解0_2浓度和水分条件）和地上部环境（即光、温度和湿度）的影响机制。这些为完整的整个植物建立的方法和信息可以被认为有助于环境控制逻辑，以优化植物及其环境中运输系统的动态。