Household and Death. Commodification and Identities in Baja during the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB) of the Southern Levant

向久坐和生产生活的过渡引发了个体、群体、事物、空间之间关系的根本变化，以及它们背后的认知倾向和身份，决定了它们的互动领域。建筑空间、有形和无形的领土以及（思想、知识、工作和物品的）商品化的增强，以前所未有的方式成为早期定居社区的构成性和决定性因素。近东新石器时代早期的大型村庄是研究这些生产转型过程的非凡档案，以了解在其各种环境中发展的社会和认知领域的历史相关性。特别是，约旦东部山脉（公元前8千年后半期）的著名大型遗址的研究状况必须被视为此类调查的非凡经验数据库。来自巴哈和巴斯塔的广泛数据以及2016年秋季在巴哈进行的可行性研究的结果，研究重点是家庭和死亡。南黎凡特PPNB晚期的社会商品化进程和身份认同确保了这一研究的巨大潜力。最近的实地工作查明了巴哈的一个内部墓地，并证实了除了在役家庭之外，还有故意埋葬的家庭财产清单及其位置。新石器时代早期，家庭与墓葬的关系对新石器时代早期生活方式和价值体系的确立起了重要作用。通过巴哈的家庭和死亡的概念和结果，该项目从南部黎凡特的角度出发，对研究问题进行了整体/整体的回答：房屋地板下的死者扮演了哪些社会和意识形态角色，日常实践与他们的仪式领域分离了吗？价值认同和商品共同体是通过什么样的组织形式建立起来的？哪些相互关联的过程促进了生产生活方式的成功，它们特有的加速和聚集过程是否解释了后来的历史发展？生产、社会和经济核心群体能否通过已建实体来确定？是否有可能应用家庭关系的概念来理解早期的社会组织？仅从维持生计和采购的角度考虑家庭生产实体是否明智？由早期的定居社区组成，这些社区是由与公司有联系的群体组成的？我们的项目从内部和整体的角度来探讨这个主题：它通过一个小的新石器时代社区的发现来评估新石器化，以及它如何参与一般的新石器时代轨迹。它旨在对新石器时代的民族精神进行深刻的历史理解，这种精神成为随后时代生产生活方式的基础。

The transition to sedentary and productive life triggered fundamental changes in relationships between individuals, groups, things, spaces, and the cognitive dispositions and identities behind them, determining their interaction spheres. Built space, claimed tangible and intangible territories as well as the enhanced commodification (of ideas, knowledge, work, and things) became constitutive and decisive in an unprecedented way for early sedentary communities. The early Neolithic mega-villages of the Near East represent extraordinary archives for studying these productive transformation processes, in order to understand the historical relevance of the social and cognitive spheres which developed in their various environments. In particular, the state of research of the well-known mega-sites of the eastern Jordanian mountain ranges (2nd half of the 8th millennium BCE) must be considered an extraordinary empirical database for such investigations. The already available extensive data from Baja and Basta and the results of the feasibility study carried out in autumn 2016 in Baja for a research focus Household and Death. Processes of Social Commodification and Identities in the Late PPNB of the Southern Levant ensure the great potential for this research. Recent fieldwork allowed to identify an intramural cemetery in Baja, and confirmed the existence and location of intentionally buried household inventories aside the active households. The relation of households and sepulchral spheres played an important role in the establishment of early Neolithic life modes and value systems. Approaching by the concepts and results of Household and Death in Baja, the project heads for an integral/ holistic answer for the research questions, asked from a southern Levantine perspective: Which social and ideological roles did the dead under the house floors play, were daily practices separated from their ritual sphere? Through which types of organization were identities of value and commodity communities established? Which interrelated processes fostered the success of the productive life ways, and do their characteristic acceleration and agglomeration processes explain later historic developments? Can the productive, social, and economic core groups be identified through built entities? Is it possible to apply the concept of familial relationship in order to understand early social organizations? Is it sensible to consider household production entities only from the perspective of subsistence and procurement? Consisted early sedentary communities of corporately linked groups? Our project approaches the topic from the interior and holistic: It evaluates the neolithisation by the findings of a small Neolithic community and how it participated in the general Neolithic trajectory. It is aiming at a deep historical understanding of the Neolithic ethos which became the substratum of the productive lifeways of following times.