Floral scent and deceptive pollination in Aristolochia

马兜铃的花香和欺骗性授粉

• 批准号: 395142116
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Stefan Wanke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsgebiet Multitrophic Biodiversity
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/395142116?language=en
• 关键词: Floral; scent; deceptive; pollination; Aristolochia

Interactions between plants and other organisms represent one of the most fascinating topics in ecology and evolutionary biology, among which pollination of angiosperms by animals consistently evokes particular scientific interest. During the last decades many studies considerably contributed to our mechanistic understanding of the diversity in plant-pollinator interactions. However, our knowledge about the specific nature of many pollination systems, especially those between deceptive plants and their dipteran pollinators, is still limited due to: a) the dipteran species richness, b) their challenging identification and taxonomy, c) the rudimentarily knowledge about the ecology of most fly species, and d) the virtually unlimited number of potential resources / models that could be imitated. West Mediterranean Aristolochia species are known to be pollinated by flies. However, this is only true for the family or genus but mostly not for the species level with the resource imitated / mimicked unknown for most of the species. These gaps of knowledge will be closed by applying a comparative and multidisciplinary approach aiming at the identification of pollinator taxa, the mechanisms of pollinator attraction, and the deceptive strategies of several Aristolochia species. The nature and specificity of floral scents is of particular interest. We hypothesize that a) floral scents and pollinators (species, sexes) differ among closely related Aristolochia species, b) plants attract pollinators from the potentially available pollinator fauna with high specificity (species, sex), and c) different Aristolochia species evolved different pollination strategies and exploit different behaviors of their pollinators. The project combines integrative taxonomy with ecological and chemoecological methods. Pollinators will be identified morphologically and by applying latest molecular high-throughput methods. Flower scent composition will be determined by chemical-analytical methods, while chemical-electroantennographic approaches will serve to identify biologically active compounds. Bioassays with fly pollinators will reveal the attractiveness of floral scent mixtures and individual compounds thereof. Chemical analytical and electrophysiological analyses with (potential) models imitated, together with bioassays, will elucidate the deceptive strategy of the plants. Hence this project will provide novel insights into the pollination ecology and diversity in deceptive pollination systems, like the new one between food steeling Chloropidae and Aristolochia rotunda that we recently discovered (kleptomyiophily). Additionally, the study will contribute to a better general understanding of interactions between deceptive angiosperm flowers and pollinators. We expect that our results will foster even more research in this and adjacent fields. Our results will also be of considerable interest for the public, as our previous studies in A. rotunda were.

植物与其他生物之间的相互作用是生态学和进化生物学中最吸引人的话题之一，其中动物对被子植物的授粉一直引起特别的科学兴趣。在过去的几十年里，许多研究大大有助于我们的机械理解的多样性，植物授粉相互作用。然而，我们对许多授粉系统的特定性质的知识，特别是那些欺骗性植物和它们的双翅目传粉者之间的知识，仍然是有限的，这是由于：a）双翅目物种丰富，B）它们具有挑战性的识别和分类，c）对大多数苍蝇物种的生态学的基本知识，以及d）几乎无限数量的潜在资源/模型可以被模仿。已知西地中海马兜铃属物种由苍蝇授粉。然而，这仅适用于科或属，而大多数情况下不适用于物种水平，大多数物种的资源模仿/模仿未知。这些知识的差距将通过应用比较和多学科的方法，旨在确定传粉者类群，传粉者吸引的机制，和几个马兜铃属物种的欺骗性策略。花香的性质和特异性是特别令人感兴趣的。我们假设：a）花香和传粉者（种，性别）之间的密切相关的马兜铃属物种不同，B）植物吸引传粉者从潜在的传粉动物区系具有高度特异性（种，性别），和c）不同的马兜铃属物种进化不同的授粉策略，并利用不同的行为，其传粉者。该项目将综合分类学与生态学和化学生态学方法相结合。传粉者将通过形态学和应用最新的分子高通量方法进行鉴定。花香成分将通过化学分析方法确定，而化学电子天线图方法将用于确定生物活性化合物。用苍蝇传粉者进行的生物测定将揭示花香混合物及其单个化合物的吸引力。化学分析和电生理分析与（潜在的）模拟模型，以及生物测定，将阐明欺骗策略的植物。因此，这个项目将提供新的见解授粉生态学和多样性的欺骗性授粉系统，如新的食物steeling Chloropidae和Aristolochia rotunda之间，我们最近发现（kleptomyiophily）。此外，这项研究将有助于更好地了解欺骗性被子植物花和传粉者之间的相互作用。我们希望我们的研究结果将促进更多的研究在这一领域和邻近领域。我们的结果也将是相当大的兴趣，为公众，因为我们以前的研究在A。圆形大厅是。