D-A-CH: International Comet Experiments

D-A-CH：国际彗星实验

• 批准号: 395699456
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jürgen Blum
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/395699456?language=en
• 关键词: CH; International; Comet; Experiments

Over the past few decades, very successful space missions have significantly improved our knowledge of the origin and activity of comets. These space missions have been supported by a variety of different theoretical models and intensive observational campaigns. However, the support from ground-based laboratory experiments has been limited, although they can provide deeper insights into the physics of comets. The laboratory experiments performed so far were very useful to understand the nature of ice-dust samples under cometary-like conditions. However, since we have now data from several fly-by missions and more than two years of escorting a comet from the onset of activity throughout the perihelion (activity maximum) and beyond, the picture of gas and dust production has changed. These new insights have impact on the requirements needed to carry out state-of-the art comet simulation experiments with realistic sample materials. Thus, a new generation of ground-based laboratory experiments is mandatory to interpret the data gathered by previous space missions (especially by the Rosetta mission) and to support future space missions to comets, or to other icy bodies in the Solar System. These experiments require a broad spectrum of facilities and expertise to characterize the thermal, physical and optical properties of the analogue samples and their behavior during simulated cometary activity. As such they can only be addressed by a multi-national effort with contributions from several laboratories.The objective of this proposal is to better understand the fundamentals of cometary activity by performing state-of-the art laboratory experiments, accompanied by theoretical modeling, in an international framework. This will be done by designing, performing and evaluating a series of experiments to study the physical properties and activity behavior of comet analogue materials. The goal of these experiments is to design scientifically relevant and realistic test scenarios, which can be used to investigate the physical processes associated with comet activity (this project is not an attempt to perfectly reproduce a cometary nucleus in the laboratory). Additionally, this project aims at providing a guideline for state-of-the art cometary analogue sample preparation, which will be based on the expert knowledge of the proposers, extended in the framework of this project.In order to achieve these goals, scientists from Germany (D), Austria (A) and Switzerland (CH) will closely collaborate by joining together their expertise and laboratory equipment (D-A-CH group). This collaboration provides the possibility to perform a large variety of scientifically important, but small-scaled, experiments with the ultimate goal to construct a well-equipped simulation chamber (by bringing together the already available scientific equipment of the D-A-CH group), which will allow studying various aspects of comet activity.

在过去的几十年里，非常成功的太空任务大大提高了我们对彗星起源和活动的认识。这些空间飞行任务得到了各种不同理论模型和密集观测活动的支持。然而，地面实验室实验的支持是有限的，尽管它们可以提供更深入的彗星物理学见解。到目前为止进行的实验室实验对于了解在类似彗星的条件下冰尘样品的性质非常有用。然而，由于我们现在掌握了几次飞越任务的数据，以及两年多来从彗星活动开始到近日点（活动最大值）及更远的护送彗星的数据，气体和尘埃产生的情况已经发生了变化。这些新的见解影响了用真实的样品材料进行最先进的彗星模拟实验所需的要求。因此，必须进行新一代的地面实验室实验，以解释以前的空间飞行任务（特别是罗塞塔使命）收集的数据，并支持未来对彗星或太阳系其他冰冷天体的空间飞行任务。这些实验需要广泛的设施和专门知识，以确定模拟样品的热、物理和光学特性及其在模拟彗星活动期间的行为。因此，它们只能由多国努力解决，并由几个实验室作出贡献，这项建议的目的是通过在国际框架内进行最先进的实验室实验，并辅之以理论建模，更好地了解彗星活动的基本原理。这将通过设计、执行和评估一系列实验来完成，以研究彗星模拟材料的物理特性和活动行为。这些实验的目标是设计科学相关和现实的测试场景，可用于研究与彗星活动相关的物理过程（该项目不是试图在实验室中完美地复制彗星核）。此外，这一项目旨在为最先进的彗星模拟样品制备提供一个准则，该准则将以提议者的专业知识为基础，并在本项目框架内得到扩展，为了实现这些目标，来自德国（D）、奥地利（A）和瑞士（CH）的科学家将密切合作，将他们的专业知识和实验室设备结合在一起（D-A-CH小组）。这一合作提供了进行大量具有科学重要性但规模较小的实验的可能性，最终目标是建造一个设备齐全的模拟室（通过将D-A-CH小组现有的科学设备集中在一起），这将使研究彗星活动的各个方面成为可能。