Work in the Bazaar - The Organisation of Work in a Social Milieu beyond State Regulation: India, 1930s to 2000s.

该研究项目研究印度经济非正规部门的一个具体部门的工作条件和劳资关系的演变，该部门的特点是商业专业和低价值服务占主导地位，经常被称为集市，从1930年代到2000年代，构成印度城市经济中最大的就业领域之一。特别强调1964年至1990年代初的发展。根据一套当地获得的档案来源，提供以前在很大程度上被学术论述忽视的非正规部门劳动的信息，辅以口头来源，该项目质疑在关于印度劳资关系非正规性演变的辩论中强调法律的历史。相反，基于一个案例的方法集中在印度北部城市巴纳拉斯（瓦拉纳西），该项目强调的方式，其中空间和社会组织的模式在当地的环境，经常被误解的话语作为不合时宜的，继续塑造整个二十世纪的历史在这个社会部分的工作。通过提供替代的组织模式，集市塑造了对自由主义和社会主义国家主导的现代化项目的反应，这些项目的标志是对劳动力市场的监管方法以及放松监管。它还影响了工会领导的动员劳动力的努力。因此，对集市的关注促成了一场关于非正规化的政治和社会层面相互加强的新辩论。

The research project studies the evolution of work conditions and labour relations in a specific segment of the informal sector of the Indian economy marked by the dominance of commercial professions and low-value services, frequently described as the bazaar, from the 1930s to the 2000s that constitutes one of the largest spheres of employment in the urban Indian economy. Special emphasis is placed on developments between 1964 and the early 1990s. Based on a set of locally acquired archival sources providing information on informal sector labour previously largely neglected by scholarly discourse, supplemented by oral sources, the project questions the emphasis on legal histories within the debate on the evolution of informality in Indian labour relations. Instead, based on a case approach focusing on the north Indian city of Banaras (Varanasi), the project highlights the way in which patterns of spatial and social organisation in local milieus, frequently misconceived in the discourse as anachronistic, continued to shape work in this social segment throughout twentieth century history. By providing alternative modes of organisation, the bazaar shaped reactions to liberal and socialist state-led modernisation projects marked both by regulatory approaches to the labour market as well as de-regulation. It also affected union-led endeavours to mobilise labour. The focus on the bazaar thus contributes to an emerging debate on the mutual reinforcement of political and social dimensions of informalisation.