How does insulin signaling increase developmental success at high temperature? A biophysical and metabolic analysis

尽管果蝇在实验室中作为农业害虫和遗传工作马很重要，但它们对环境温度变化的反应和适应还不是很清楚。了解对温度的反应不仅具有基本的生物学意义，而且对于研究人员如何使用和存储这种重要的模式生物也具有重要的意义。此外，随着气候变化改变温度的速度在很大程度上阻止了基因组的适应，并扩大了像铃木果蝇这样的害虫的地理范围，像果蝇这样的冷血动物如何改变它们的生理和行为以在广泛的温度范围内茁壮成长的问题将与控制努力具有很强的相关性。这个拟议的研究小组将采取协同的、多学科的方法在实验室和野外研究黑腹果蝇和铃木果蝇的这个问题。我们将使用最先进的显微镜和定量图像分析来研究温度如何影响生长和形态发生的健壮性和速度。我们将结合脂肪组学的前沿方法和饮食操作，进一步阐明饮食脂质对果蝇热行为的贡献。我们将量化染色质动力学和线粒体变异的作用-两者都显示出惊人的温度敏感性-并调查胰岛素信号介导的代谢变化的作用。最后，我们将揭示微生物群在田间的季节变化，并测量它如何影响信号、脂质成分和可生存的温度范围。通过融合这些不同的视角，我们的发现将揭示这些相互作用的因素在温度适应这一重要问题上的联合作用。

Despite the importance of Drosophilids as agricultural pests and genetic workhorses in the lab, their response and acclimatization to environmental temperature variations are not well understood. Understanding the response to temperature is not only of basic biological interest, but also has important implications for how researchers work with and store this important model organism. Furthermore, as climate change alters temperature at a pace that largely prevents genomic adaptations, and expands geographical ranges of pests like Drosophila suzukii, the question how cold-blooded animals like Drosophila alter their physiology and behavior to thrive over a wide range of temperatures will be of strong relevance to control efforts.This proposed Research Unit will take a synergistic, multidisciplinary approach to studying this problem in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii, both in the laboratory and in the field. We will use state of the art microscopy and quantitative image analysis to investigate the how temperature influences the robustness and speed of growth and morphogenesis. We will combine cutting edge approaches in lipidomics with dietary manipulations to further elucidate the contribution of dietary lipids to Drosophila thermal behavior. We will quantify the role of chromatin dynamics as well as mitochondrial variation – both known to display striking temperature sensitivity – and investigate the role of metabolic changes mediated by insulin signaling. Finally, we will uncover seasonal variation of the microbiome in the field, and measure how it influences signaling, lipid composition and the viable temperature range. By fusing these different perspectives, our findings will reveal the combined roles of these interacting factors in the important problem of the acclimatization to temperature.