Studies on Slope Stabilization Methods and Development of Sedimentation Control System in Sloping Reclaimed Lands

开展了农田土壤保持和坡耕地水质土壤沉积控制的研究。试验在日本北海道滨尻的垦殖田中进行，并进行了气象观测和水文调查。此外，还定期监测和记录冬季的地表和地下温度。土壤性质和行为也同样被调查，包括农田和斜坡表面的侵蚀和土壤流失测量。结果表明，坡地土壤流失量大于田间土壤流失量。作为本研究的重点之一，研究了积雪融化或融化的影响。当雪开始融化和融化时，土壤颗粒会被分离和运输，在这个过程中可能会造成相当大的土壤侵蚀。众所周知，冬季由于积雪融化造成的土壤流失比夏季的土壤流失更大。然而，在日本，由于缺乏对该国寒冷地区融雪造成的侵蚀的研究，这一现象在很大程度上仍未得到探索。因此，这项研究能够澄清多雪寒冷地区的侵蚀机制。研究的另一个重要部分是利用多雪寒冷地区侵蚀研究的结果，对涡流管在陡峭通道中的应用进行了测试。本研究提出一种利用涡流管的沉降控制系统。由于积雪融化，土壤从上坡移动，会通过沉积破坏填海地区的低洼部分。这些研究结果提供了一个新的视角，可以在科学和技术上为冰雪或寒冷地区的土地复垦和保护做出贡献。

Studies were carried out on the subjects of soil conservation in farm lands and on the sedimentation control of waterborne soil in sloping reclaimed lands.The test was conducted in a reclaimed field in Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan wherein meteorological observation and hydrological survey were carried out. Also, ground surface and underground temperatures during the winter season were regularly monitored and recorded. Soil properties and behavior were likewise investigated including erosion and soil loss measurement from the field and slope surfaces. It was found out that soil loss from the sloping surface was greater than from the field surface.As one of the focus of this study, the effect of a thawinj or melting snow was investigated. When a snow starts to thaw and melt, soil particles can be detached and transported and in the process could cause considerable soil erosion. It is also known that soil loss during the winter season due to melting snow is larger compared to the soil loss during summer. However, in Japan, this phenomena is still largely unexplored owing io the lack of studies dealing on the erosion caused by melting snow in the cold areas of the country. Consequently though, the study was able to clear the mechanism of erosion in a snowy and cold area.Another important part of the study tested the application of vortex tube in steep channels using the results obtained from the erosion study in a snowy and cold area. This study proposes a sedimentation control system using the vortex tube. Movement of soil from the upslope as a result of melting snow can destroy the low lying parts of a reclaimed area through sedimentation.The results of these studies bring forth a new perspective which can scientifically and technically contribute to land reclamation and conservation in snowy or cold areas.