An attempt to improve nitrogen metabolism and environmental tolerance of crops by enhancement of the ability of malate valve

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Export of reducing equivalents from chloroplasts is necessary to prevent photoinhibition and to supply reducing power to cytosolic nitrate reductase. The transport process is mediated by malate valve comprising 2-oxoglutarate/malate transporter (OMT) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozymes. We produced Arabidopsistransformants overexpressing OMT and stromal NADP-MDH, and found that the tolerance to environmental stresses and the ability of nitrate assimilation are improved in the transformants. Therefore, malate valve would be a new target to improve environmental tolerance and nitrogen metabolism of crops.