Dead Capital? The Economics of the Corpse in the British Isles (c. 1600–1830)

在近代早期，尸体是一种宝贵的物质资源。牧师和教区、医生和博物学家，甚至企业和公司都坚定地执行从人类尸体中获利的使命，这样做往往违反了尊重死者的基本规则。然而，迄今为止，尸体经济学在其基本意义上还没有得到文化史或经济史的承认。为了填补这一空白，并将文化史和经济史方法联合收割机整合为一种方法，我的项目将开发一种新的分析工具：“死亡经济学”。在这个初步定义中，死亡经济是可变的做法，使尸体服从商业剥削的逻辑，也是特定的制度，改变经济学，伦理学，宗教和纯洁性的规范力量领域的星座，以及围绕适当对待死者的冲突。在这种重新定位中，我的项目第一次编纂了一部对经济史敏感的尸体文化史。其目的是处理尸体作为潜在的规范性极端情况的经济应用，以获得新的见解，规范性多元性是如何处理在近代早期。该项目利用微观历史案例研究，重点关注英国和爱尔兰剥削死者的做法。因此，它考虑到两种截然不同的规范冲突情况：首先，作为一个高度敏感的道德“边缘案例”，邻居、亲戚、信任的机构和敌对团体对尸体的经济处理（尸体算术）第二，从尸体的原始空间，社会甚至文化背景中提取的尸体的经济方面，从而以完全不同的方式使它们正常化（尸体运输）。来源在都柏林，伦敦，梅努斯和牛津进行了分析，作为该项目的一部分，并作为基础的经济剥削的死者在现代早期的类型学。此外，该项目以尸体为例，重建经济处理的做法和规范多元化的理由，并利用坏死经济的概念，贡献了结合文化和经济历史的方法。

In the early modern period corpses were a valuable material resource. Vergers and parishes, doctors and naturalists, and even businesses and corporations were stalwart in their mission to profit from human cadavers and, in doing so, often broke the fundamental rule of respecting the dead. To date, however, the economics of the corpse in its basic sense has not been recognised by either cultural or economic history. In order to fill in this gap and to combine cultural and economic history approaches into a single method, my project will develop a new analysis tool: 'necro-economies'. Necro-economies are – in this preliminary definition – variable practices, which subject corpses to a logic of commercial exploitation, and also specific institutions, changing constellations in the normative force field of economics, ethics, religion and purity, as well as conflicts surrounding the appropriate treatment of the dead. In this reorientation, my project compiles for the first time a cultural history of the corpse sensitised to economic history. The aim is to process the economic application of corpses as potential normative extreme situations in order to gain new insights into how normative plurality was handled in the early modern period. Using micro-historical case studies, the project focuses on the English and Irish practice of exploiting the dead. As such, it takes two vastly different normative conflict situations into account: First – as a highly sensitive ethical 'borderline case' – the economic treatment of corpses by neighbours, relatives, trusted institutions, and rivalling groups (corpse arithmetic) and second, the economic aspect of corpses taken from their original spatial, social or even cultural context, thereby normalising them in completely different ways (corpse transports). Sources in Dublin, London, Maynooth and Oxford are analysed as part of the project and used as the foundation for a typology of the economic exploitation of the dead in the early modern period. In addition, the project applies the example of corpses to reconstruct practices of economic handling and justification of normative plurality and, using the concept of necro-economies, contributes methodology that combines cultural and economic history.