Development of the Photoelectrolysis Cell for Energy Storage Using Silicon Electrode

硅电极储能光电解池的研制

• 批准号: 59840010
• 负责人: TSUBOMURA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 4.99万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1984 至 1986
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-59840010/
• 关键词: Chemical conversion of solar energy; Semiconductor electrode; Photoelectrchemistry; p-n Junction; Silicon; Energy conversion efficiensy; Photoelectrochemical cell; 最適設計; 太陽エネルギー; シリコン電極; 薄膜被覆電極; 流通型電解槽; 電極配置

The decomposition of hydrogen iodide into hydrogen and iodine by use of a photoelectrochemical cell, equipped with a metal-coated p-n junction silicon electrode and a platinum counterelectrode, has been studied for the purpose of the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. The <P^+> -n Si photoanode was remarkably stabilized by coating with a very thin (1-nm thick) platinum, tungsten or molybdenum layer having good light trasparency. The photocurrent showed no decay for more than 5000 h and the conversion efficiency exceeded 8 %. For the case of cells in which hydrogen is evolved on the <n^+> -p Si photocathode, a very high conversion efficiency of 10.8 % was obtained by using a new-type electrode having an n-type amorphous Si/p-type crystalline Si heterojunction structure. This value is the highest so far reported as to the direct solar-to chemical conversion.The main factors controlling the conversion efficiency of a photoelectrochemical cell are: (1) ohmic resistance, (2) absortion of light by electrolyte, and (3) nonuniformity of current density on an electrode. It has been found that subdivision of a large electrode into smaller ones makes the current density distribution uniform and the ohmic resistance small. Taking account of these effects, the optimal geometry of a module has been determined, and the method of design of photoelectrochemical cells composed of these modules has been given.

本文研究了用光电化学电池将碘化氢分解为氢和碘，该电池装有金属涂层的p-n结硅电极和铂反电极，用于太阳能转化为化学能的目的。在<P^+> -n Si光阳极上涂上一层具有良好透光性的非常薄（1 nm厚）的铂、钨或钼层，可以显著地稳定<P^+> -n Si光阳极。光电流在5000 h以上无衰减，光电转换效率超过8%.对于氢在<n^+> -p型Si光电阴极上析出的电池，通过使用具有n型非晶硅/p型晶体Si异质结结构的新型电极获得了10.8%的非常高的转换效率。控制光电化学电池转换效率的主要因素是：（1）欧姆电阻，（2）电解质对光的阻挡，（3）电极上电流密度的不均匀性。已经发现，将大电极细分成小电极使得电流密度分布均匀，欧姆电阻小。考虑到这些影响，确定了组件的最佳几何形状，并给出了由这些组件组成的光电化学电池的设计方法。

项目成果

J.Electrochem.Soc.133-06. (1986)J.Electrochem.Soc.

J.Electrochem.Soc.133-06。

Y.Nakato: Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.57. 355-360 (1984)

Y.Nakato：Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.57。

K.Ueda: Chem.Letters.

K.Ueda：化学快报。

Y. Nakato: "p-n Junction Silicon Electrode Coated with Noble Metal for Efficient Solar Photoelectrolysis of Hydrogen Iodide" Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.57. 355-360 (1984)

Y. Nakato：“涂有贵金属的 p-n 结硅电极用于高效太阳能光电解碘化氢”公牛。

Sol.Energy Mater.13-01. (1986)

Sol.能源材料.13-01。