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Decomposition of Water by Use of a Wet-Type Solar Cell Equipped with a Stacked Multilayer Amorphous Silicon Electrode

利用配备堆叠多层非晶硅电极的湿式太阳能电池分解水

基本信息

批准号：
62430002
负责人：
TSUBOMURA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 18.62万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62430002/
关键词：
Amorphous silicon Solar cell Plasma CVD method Photoelectrochemistry Ultrafine metal particle Oxide film Semiconductor electrode Hydrogen evolution

项目摘要

The present research started with the aim of developing a solar cell of a new type by use of amorphous silicon (a-Si) and related semiconductors such as crystalline silicon (c-Si) and decomposing water by solar light for the efficient solar to chemical conversion. The open-circuit photovoltage (V_<oc>) of a single p-i-n junction a-Si solar cell is only 0.8 V, much lower than the voltage needed for the electrolysis of water (about 1.8 V). Thus, we fabricated stacked tandem-type a-Si electrodes in which the photovoltages of the a-Si cells were added in series, and investigated problems inherent to the electrodes of this type, especially on the energy loss due to the inverse photovoltages arising from the interfaces between a-Si cells. We succeeded in the durable solar decomposition of water with an electrode having a structure: indium-gallium alloy (ohmic contact)/p-type c-Si/n-type a-Si/p-i-n junction a-Si/p-i-n junction a-Si/thin Pt layer/aqueous electrolyte, and obtained a solar to chemical conversion efficiency of 3%. This is the first result for the efficient decomposition of water by solar light. As another approach, we studied on solar cells of a new type having semiconductors coated with ultrafine metal islands several nanometers wide, which we recently discovered. We searched for methods to deposit ultrafine metal islands as uniformly in size and spatial distribution as possible, and tried to use the ion-cluster-beam deposition method, to prepare a metal-colloid solution and drop it, and to deposit metals electrochemically. For the wet-type solar cells made of c-Si with platinum islands, the obtained V_<oc> was 0.64 - 0.68 V and the solar conversion efficiency was 11 - 14%. For the solid-state solar cells, the V_<oc> was 0.60 V and the conversion efficiency was 10%. The V_<oc> value of 0.68 V is much higher than that for the conventional p-n junction c-Si solar cell (0.59 V), clearly indicating the merit of solar cells of the present type.

本研究的目的是开发一种新型的太阳能电池，利用非晶硅(a-Si)和相关的半导体，如晶体硅(c-Si)，并利用太阳光分解水，将太阳能有效地转化为化学物质。单个p-i-n结a-Si太阳电池的开路光电压仅为0.8V，远低于电解水所需的电压(约1.8V)。因此，我们制作了串联添加a-Si电池的光电压的叠层串联型a-Si电极，并研究了这种类型的电极所固有的问题，特别是由于a-Si电池之间的界面产生的反转的光电压而引起的能量损失。我们成功地用一种结构为：铟-镓合金(欧姆接触)/p型c-Si/n型a-Si/p-i-n结a-Si/p-i-n结a-Si/薄铂层/水电解液的电极成功地实现了水的持久太阳能分解，获得了3%的太阳能-化学转换效率。这是太阳光有效分解水的第一个结果。作为另一种方法，我们研究了一种新型的太阳能电池，这种电池的半导体表面覆盖了几纳米宽的超细金属岛，这是我们最近发现的。我们探索了沉积尺寸和空间分布尽可能均匀的超细金属岛的方法，并尝试使用离子束沉积方法，制备金属胶体溶液并将其滴下，并进行电化学沉积金属。对于带有铂岛的c-Si湿式太阳电池，得到的V&lt；oc&gt；为0.64-0.68V，转换效率为11-14%。固态太阳电池的伏安为0.60V，转换效率为10%。0.68V的V&lt；oc&gt；值远高于传统的p-n结c-Si太阳电池的0.59 V，清楚地表明了这种类型太阳电池的优点。