Development of Rain Gage and Water-stage Gage of Memory Type

为了规划防洪对策和水资源的开发利用，雨量和水位流量的测量是不言而喻的，最常用的雨量计是翻斗式，水位计是浮子式。降雨量或水位是记录在一个纸条上的笔驱动的齿条和齿轮机制。因此，留下了以下几点问题：时间精度不满意，以获得降雨或水位在一个小的时间间隔的数据，因为由时钟驱动的记录器的图表速度太慢。从记录图中读出数据需要花费大量的时间和劳动。本研究的目的是利用IC存储器研制翻斗式雨量计和浮子水位计的存储器，这是电子技术进步的一个重大标志。所研制的雨量计存储器由电路控制模块、时基发生器、二进制计数器和4K字节的CMOS随机存取存储器，设计用于存储铲斗倾翻的时间。水位计存储装置由中央处理单元、存储单元和测量单元组成，设计成使用旋转编码器和上/下计数器测量水位高度，并以预先选择的时间间隔将水位高度输入存储单元。此外，开发了将这些存储器设备连接到计算机的接口和从存储器设备读取数据的基本程序。

In order to plan the countermeasure against flood disaster and the exploitation of water resources, it goes without saying that the measurement of rainfall and river stage/discharge are important.The most common of the rain gage is the tipping bucket type and the one of the water-stage gage is the float-actuated type. The amounts of rainfall or the water stage are recorded on a paper strip by a pen driven on rack-and-pinion mechanism. Therefore, the following points are left as problems: The time accuracy is not satisfactory to obtain the data of rainfall or water stage at a small interval of time, because the chart speed of the recorders driven by a clock is too slow. Much time and much labour are required to read the data from the recorded chart.The purpose of this research is to develop the memory devices of tipping buket rain gage and float-actuated water-stage gage using the IC memory that markes especially a big step in the progress of electronic technique.The developed memory device for rain gage consists of circuit control block, time base generator, binary counter and CMOS random access memory of 4 K bytes, designed so that it memorize the time when the bucket tips.The memory device for water-stage gage consists of central processing unit, memory unit and measuring unit, designed so that the height of water stage is measured using rotary encorder and up/down counter and is fed in memory unit at preselected time intervals.Moreover, the interfaces to connect these memory devices to computer and basic programs to read the data from the memory devices are developed.