The Flood in Bangladesh and Its Countermeasures

每年，孟加拉国的许多地区都会被洪水淹没，洪水对社会和经济活动的影响正变得对孟加拉国人民来说变得压倒一切。为了减轻洪水灾害，洪水发生机制的基础研究是必不可少的。1)梅格纳河上游地区降雨径流估算：梅格纳河上游地区降雨径流特征尚不完全清楚。为了预防或减轻孟加拉国东北部的洪灾，澄清梅格纳河上游地区的降雨径流机制是重要和必要的。有效地利用已有的水文资料阐明了降雨径流过程。2)莫努河流域山洪的数值分析：利用有限差分模型计算了2001年6月5日和6日进入莫努河的降雨径流，并模拟了莫奴铁路桥上游的洪水过程。阐明了以下三项对于缓解该地区山洪暴发的重要性：堤防应加固并充分远离河流，堤防上的所有障碍物应被清除以使洪水顺利通过，并应考虑与印度当局进行联合研究。3)孟加拉东北部洪泛湖行为的数值模拟：为了弄清洪泛湖(Haor)的水文和水力行为，建立了洪水淹没数值模型。探讨了白鹿浩尔的行为和开发该地区的可能性。4)浩尔周边居民生活方式和环境状况调查。孟加拉国人民的生活方式和社会经济状况主要受洪水的影响。通过问卷调查，阐明了西尔赫特地区人的生命和洪水之间的关系。

Every year, many areas of Bangladesh are inundated by flood Its impact on society and economic activities are becoming overbearing for the people of Bangladesh. In order to mitigate the flood disaster, basic research on the mechanisms of floods is indispensableThe following four subjects were investigated intensively.1) Estimation of the rainfall runoff from upstream region of the Meghna River: The rainfall runoff characteristic of the Meghna River is still not fully understood. In order to prevent or mitigate flood disasters in northeast Bangladesh, the clarification of rainfall runoff mechanisms in the upstream region of the Meghna River is important and necessary. The clarification of rainfall runoff process was clarified by using the existing hydrological data effectively.2) Numerical Analysis of Flash Flood in the Monu River Basin: The rainfall runoff into the Monu River on June 5 and 6, 2001 was calculated and flooding upstream of the Monu Railway Bridge was simulated using the FDM model. It was clarified that the following three items are important in order to mitigate flash flooding in this area ; embankments should be strengthened and set back sufficiently from the river, all obstructions on the embankments should be removed to allow smooth passage of flood flow, and joint studies with Indian authorities should be considered.3) Numerical Simulation of Flood Lake Behavior m Northeastern Bangladesh: In order to clarify the hydrological and hydraulic behavior of flood lake (Haor), a numerical inundation model was developed. The behavior of Hakaluki Haor and the possibility of developing this area were discussed.4) Investigation of Lifestyle and Environmental Condition on the residents around Haor. The lifestyle and socio-economic conditions of the people of Bangladesh are governed mainly by flood The relation between human life and flood in Sylhet region was clarified by investigation of the questionnaire type.