Engineering Reproduction of Sound from Pilsudski's wax Phonograph cylinders

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B. Pilsudski's sixty-five wax cylinders were brought to the Research Institute of Applied Electricity, Hokkaido University, for reproduction and investigation of the sound recorded on them. Using the Edison-type phonograph, its stylus gives such a heavy pressure of approximately 20 g to the grooves of the wax cylinder in the reproduction process that there is definitely a grest risk of damaging the wax cylinder. This is a problem because not only the sounds recorded on the wax cylinder but also the cylinder itself is part of our cultural inheritance. So a method using a very light pressure stylus was developed as a reproduction system of the sound from wax cylinders. However, there were twenty-four more cylinders that have not yet been reproduced; the stylus method cannot be used because the cylinders are cracked or in pieces. These broken wax cylinders were repaired. Since the valuable sounds of the Ainu talk and songs lost so long ago seem to be recroded on these cylinders, reproduction is most important. To reproduce the sounds from these repaired cylinders, the laser-beam reflection method which is noncontacting and nondestructive was developed.The present research was done by following the four steps: (1) Cleaning and replication of the wax cylinders, (2) Sound reproduction using the tylus method and the laser-beam reflection method which were newly developed, (3) Noise reduction for two different spike-like noise and random noise.