Studies on the improvement of Rainball simulator and effective experiments of soil erosion

雨球模拟器改进及土壤侵蚀有效实验研究

• 批准号: 60860024
• 负责人: HOSOYAMADA Kenzo
• 金额: $ 5.5万
• 依托单位: MIYAZAKI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60860024/
• 关键词: rainball simulator; soil erosion; raindrop; erosivity factor; water drop impact; surface runobb; surface erosion; 豪雨; 降雨; 降雨強度; 降雨エネルギー; 受食性; 掃流力

K.Hosoyamada and K.Kakita newly developed a rainfall simulator "hanging pressurized spray type" and showed the relations between a pressure of the reservolrs,open and close time of electro magnetic valves,rainfall intensity, falling velocity of raindrops and raindrop diameter.Next,they calculated the rainfall energy in each cases. On the erosivity factor R of natural rainfall,they showed that the results of calculation by convenient method were highly correlative to the ones by original calculation.T.Fujiwara et al. showed the experimental results of radial and angular distribution of soil splashed by a waterdrop impact.As a result of statistical analysis of the experimental data,it became clear that radial angular distribution density fuction was expressed by the exponential type function, <GAMMA>type respectively.T.Kusaka investigated the application of soil loss calculation for the actual field compairing the results at test plots with the ones at experimental laboratory.Next.he obtaind the relations between rainfall and surface runoff statistically and set up an estimate equation.N.Minami et al. Investigated the properties of the non-pressurized rainfall simulator consecutively and obtained the local distribution and the changing range of rainfall and calculated the rainfall energy.K.Onaga showed that rainfalls with certain intensity at Okinawa has high energy.Moreover he investigated the soil properties(grading,structgure etc.)and cropping systems,and summarized the actual conditions and the countermeasures for soil loass.Y.Shiotsuki calculated the rainfall energy by means of regenerating the distribution of raindrop size using the data of 10 minutes rainfall.Moreover he found out that the rainfall energy at a concentrated rainfall is gained by means of extrapolation of calculation equation of the rainfall energy based on space density N_d of raindrops.

hosoyamada和kakita新开发的“悬挂加压喷雾型”降雨模拟器，展示了蓄水池压力、电磁阀开启和关闭时间、降雨强度、雨滴下落速度和雨滴直径之间的关系。接下来，他们计算了每种情况下的降雨能量。在自然降雨的侵蚀系数R上，他们证明了便捷法计算结果与原始计算结果高度相关。t.f fujiwara等人给出了水滴撞击溅射土壤径向和角向分布的实验结果。通过对试验数据的统计分析，发现径向角分布密度函数分别为指数型函数和<GAMMA>型函数。t. kusaka研究了土壤流失量计算在实际现场的应用，并将试验小区的结果与实验实验室的结果进行了比较，进而统计得出了降雨与地表径流的关系，建立了估算方程。连续研究了无压降雨模拟器的特性，得到了降雨的局部分布和变化范围，并计算了降雨能量。k.o onaga表明，冲绳有一定强度的降雨具有高能量。此外，他还调查了土壤性质（分级、结构等）和种植制度，总结了土壤流失的实际情况和对策。y . shiotsuki利用10分钟降雨数据，通过再生雨滴大小的分布来计算降雨能量。此外，他还发现集中降雨时的降雨能量是通过基于雨滴空间密度N_d的降雨能量计算方程外推得到的。

项目成果

Tatsuro KUSAKA: 農業土木学会論文集. No.126. 41-50 (1986)

Tatsuro KUSAKA：日本农业和土木工程师学会会议记录第 126 号（1986 年）。

塩月善晴: 天気. 33-(11). 585-592 (1986)

盐月义治：天气 33-(11) 585-592 (1986)。

T.KUSAKA: "Applicability of a Method of Soil Loss Estimation for Farmland" Transaction of JSIDRE. No.128 1987. 67-74

T.KUSAKA：“农田土壤流失估算方法的适用性”JSIDRE 交易。

T.Kusaka: "A Method of Estimating Soil Loss in Inclined Fields-characteristic of aoil erosion caused by rain water blow (V)" Transaction of JSIDRE. No.126. 41-49 (1986)

T.Kusaka：“一种估算倾斜田土壤流失的方法 - 雨水侵蚀引起的土壤侵蚀特征（V）” JSIDRE 交易。

T.FuJIWARA: Technology Report of the Yamaguchi University. 3-(5). 417-426 (1986)

T.FuJIWARA：山口大学技术报告。