The Mesolithic burial site of Groß-Fredenwalde (Brandenburg) - late hunter-gatherers in a changing world

格罗弗雷登瓦尔德（勃兰登堡）的中石器时代墓地 - 不断变化的世界中的已故狩猎采集者

• 批准号: 403845689
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Henny Piezonka
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/403845689?language=en
• 关键词: Mesolithic; burial; site; Gro; Fredenwalde

During the last years Germany`s earliest cemetery could be identified on the Weinberg hill close to Groß Fredenwalde in the Uckermark (c. 80 km NE of Berlin). In 1962 human remains of several individuals were detected on top of the hill. In the 1990s first AMS-dates assigned the human skeletons to the Mesolithic. Since 2012 new grave goods and human remains could be found during re-excavation of the pit of 1962. Most important was the identification of new burials close to the former multiple burial. A small child burial and the burial of a young man can be mentioned. The burial of the man had been located in a child burial, which was almost completely destroyed. The young man was probably buried in upright position and the grave was only sealed by a fire place after decomposition of the body. This unusual treatment of the dead finds a possible parallel at the Mesolithic site of Olenij Ostrov (Russia), while a slotted dagger found in association with the multiple burial finds its next parallel in southern Scandinavia. Altogether four or five burials with nine individuals were detected on the Weinberg. However, a minimum of two pits were observed during re-excavation, which very probably indicate further Mesolithic burials. AMS-dates assign the burials to the period from 6.400 to 4.900 calBC with a gap during the 6th millennium calBC. In conclusion the burials date before and after the advent of the first Linearband pottery farmers in the Uckermark (ca.5300 calBC). This is excellent for further scientific analysis including palaeogenetic studies. The project aims at the detailed analysis of the burials so far excavated as well as new burials and will contribute to the much better understanding of the way of live and contacts of late hunter-gatherers before and after neolthisation of Northeast Germany.

在过去的几年里，德国最早的墓地可以在乌克马克（Uckermark）靠近Grocampus Fredenwalde的温伯格山上找到。柏林东北80公里处）。1962年，在山顶上发现了几具人类遗骸。在20世纪90年代，第一个AMS日期将人类骨骼分配给中石器时代。自2012年以来，在重新挖掘1962年的坑时可能会发现新的墓葬物品和人类遗骸。最重要的是确定了与以前的多重埋葬接近的新埋葬。可以提到一个小孩子的葬礼和一个年轻人的葬礼。这名男子的墓地位于一个儿童墓地，该墓地几乎完全被毁。该名青年可能是以直立姿势被埋葬的，而坟墓只是在尸体腐烂后才用火封上。这种对待死者的不寻常方式可能与中石器时代的奥列尼·奥斯特罗夫（俄罗斯）遗址相似，而与多人埋葬有关的开槽匕首在斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部找到了另一个相似之处。在温伯格号上总共发现了四、五个墓葬，其中有九个个体。然而，在重新挖掘过程中观察到至少两个坑，这很可能表明进一步的中石器时代墓葬。AMS年代将这些墓葬划分为公元前6400年至公元前4900年之间的时间段，并在公元前6千纪期间有一个间隙。最后，这些墓葬可以追溯到乌克马克（约公元前5300年）第一批线性带制陶农民出现之前和之后。这对于进一步的科学分析包括古生物学研究是极好的。该项目旨在对迄今为止挖掘出的墓葬以及新墓葬进行详细分析，并将有助于更好地了解德国东北部新石器化前后晚期狩猎采集者的生活方式和联系方式。