Exploring the pathways to deep decarbonization of transport sector in the post-COVID's new normal

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In the fiscal year 2022, my main accomplishment was the coupling of the transport model and a bottom-up, technology-rich, energy system model, which had been completed in the previous fiscal year. The energy system model was integrated with the regional transport model to determine the energy service demand based on the transport model output. To meet a given transport demand, the optimal set of energy technologies in the transport sector was calculated endogenously using linear optimization while minimizing the total system costs under certain constraints.Firstly, mode-specific transport demand calculated by the transport model was input into the energy system model to determine the optimal technology mix. Energy consumption was then estimated based on the amount of energy consumed by each specific energy type and technology combination, while CO2 emissions were calculated using the emission factors for each energy type.Subsequently, the optimal technology combinations and costs were passed back to the transport model to update the generalized transport cost based on the revised technology mix. An iterative method was utilized to solve the convergence problem of model coupling. The feedback loop between the energy system model and the transport model was continued until a converged solution was obtained, in which the transport demands and the technology combinations calculated by both models remained stable across successive iterations.