Photogrammetric high resolution methods for nested parametrisation and validation of a physical-based soil erosion model

该项目的主要目标是通过摄影测量和优化技术以及不同尺度的基于物理的侵蚀建模方法来模拟土壤侵蚀。常见的基于过程的土壤侵蚀建模方法仅在确定参数的尺度上有效。由于侵蚀过程的复杂性、多变性和非连续性，其在其他时空尺度上的可转移性受到限制。因此，观察到的现象（细沟侵蚀或有轨电车线路的集中流动）即使是复杂的模型方法也不能或仅仅是基本的。摄影测量测量（例如，参考热图像和3D表面重建方法）允许通过一致的程序在不同的过程尺度上观察地表径流和土壤表面的变化。侵蚀过程造成的土壤流失可以使用摄影测量数据进行验证。由于三维模型具有高时空分辨率，信息密度大，因此基于物理的侵蚀模型不仅可以验证，而且可以通过随机方法进行参数化。此外，摄影测量观测（RGB和热）允许高度分辨的过程区分（飞溅，片状和细纹侵蚀，颗粒运输和沉积）。因此，对尺度相关过程的模拟（例如，单独考虑片流和细沟流）的适应模型方法的实施是可能的，并且能够从根本上对沉积物输运的相互联系以及事件频率和事件量级之间的关系进行新的观察。

The main objective of the project is the simulation of soil erosion by means of photogrammetric measurements and optimisation techniques as well as physically-based erosion modelling approaches on different scales. Common process based soil erosion modelling approaches are only valid on the scale at which parameters are identified. Due to the complexity, variability and discontinuity of erosion processes a transferability to other temporal and spatial scales is limited. Hence, observed phenomena (rill erosion or concentrated flow in tram lines) are not or only rudimentary covered even by complex model approaches. Photogrammetric measurements (e.g. referenced thermal images and 3D surface reconstruction methods) allow the observation of surface runoff and the altering of the soil surface across different process scales with a consistent procedure. Soil losses resulting from erosion processes can be validated using photogrammetric data. Physically based erosion models can not only be validated but also parameterised by means of stochastic approaches due to the great information density of 3D-models with high spatial and temporal resolution. Additionally, photogrammetric observations (RGB and thermal) allow for highly resolved process discrimination (splash-, sheet- and rill erosion, particle transport and deposition). Thus, an implementation of adapted model approaches for the simulation of scale-dependent processes (e.g. separate consideration of sheet and rill flow) is possible and enables a fundamentally new observation of the inter-connectivity of sediment transport as well as the relation between event frequency and event magnitude.