When and why do narcissistic individuals attain status in groups?

地位高的人有很大的影响。因此，他们可以做很多好事，但也有很多伤害他们周围的社会世界。自恋的人通常被认为是有害的，因为他们倾向于引发冲突，违反规则，挑战现有的结构和制度（Sedikides &坎贝尔，2017）。然而，自恋的人经常被发现在面对面的群体中获得地位和受欢迎程度（例如，Back，Schmukle，& Egloff，2010; Brunell等人，2008; Paulhus，1998）。拟议的项目旨在加强对自恋者何时以及为何获得地位的理解。为此，我整合了对自恋的研究和最近的地位等级理论，如微观政治模型（安德森&科万，2014;安德森&肯尼迪，2012）。从理论整合，我得出三个假设：（a）自恋将有一个更强的积极联系的情况下，它是可能的惩罚搭便车者比在情况下，它是不可能的惩罚搭便车者的地位获得。(b)在能够贡献自己的一份力量的情况下，自恋与地位的获得之间的负面联系要比在无法贡献自己的一份力量的情况下更强。(c)在面对面互动中能够给他人留下深刻印象的情境中，自恋与地位获得之间的正向关联要比在面对面互动中无法给他人留下深刻印象的情境中更强。这三个情境因素对自恋-地位联系的调节作用将在三项研究中进行测试，每组6至8人（N1 = 480; N2 = 480; N3 = 558）。这三项研究将基于博弈论范式：带有惩罚的重复公共产品博弈（例如，Fehr & Gächter，2000）.研究结果将为自恋-地位联系理论、自恋的进化起源理论以及自恋的人际适应性争论提供信息。

High status individuals have a lot of influence. They can thus do a lot of good but also a lot of harm to the social world around them. Narcissistic individuals are often perceived as harmful because they tend to initiate conflicts, violate rules, and challenge existing structures and institutions (Sedikides & Campbell, 2017). Nevertheless, narcissistic individuals have frequently been found to attain status and popularity in face-to-face groups (e.g., Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010; Brunell et al., 2008; Paulhus, 1998). The proposed project is aimed at enhancing the understanding of when and why narcissistic individuals attain status. For this aim, I integrated research on narcissism and recent theories on status hierarchies such as the Micropolitics model (Anderson & Cowan, 2014; Anderson & Kennedy, 2012). From the theoretical integration, I derived three hypotheses: (a) Narcissism will have a stronger positive association with status attainment in situations in which it is possible to punish free riders than in situations in which it is not possible to punish free riders. (b) Narcissism will have a stronger negative association with status attainment in situations in which it is possible to contribute one’s share than in situations in which it is not possible to contribute one’s share. (c) Narcissism will have a stronger positive association with status attainment in situations in which it is possible to impress others in face-to-face interaction than in situations in which it is not possible to impress others in face-to-face interaction. The moderating effect of these three situational factors on the narcissism-status link will be tested in three studies with groups of six to eight persons (N1 = 480; N2 = 480; N3 = 558). The three studies will be based on a game theory paradigm: the repeated public goods game with punishment (e.g., Fehr & Gächter, 2000). The results will inform theories about the narcissism-status link, theories about the evolutionary origins of narcissism, and debates about the interpersonal adaptiveness of narcissism.