Anti-calculus effect of bisphosphonates and its application for the prevention of periodontal diseases.

本研究的目的是研究HEBP（1-羟基-乙烷-1，1-二膦酸盐）和HMP（六偏磷酸盐）对人类牙结石形成的影响。45名年龄在21-48岁之间的无全身性疾病的成年人自愿参加了这项研究。将受试者分为3组，分别给予1.0%HEBP、1.2%HMP或安慰剂作为冲洗液，每日3次，共14天。本研究采用双盲交叉试验设计。在实验期间，每个受试者的磨牙颊侧部位放置一个带有铸造卡环的小型可移动金属板，卡环上粘贴标准化聚酯薄膜。在第14天，收获允许在聚酯膜上形成的菌斑。测定菌斑中Ca、P、N总量及Ca/N比值。与安慰剂溶液相比，用HEBP和HMP溶液冲洗均显著降低了斑块中的Ca含量。在用HEBP冲洗的组中，斑块中的总P也减少。用HMP冲洗的组中Ca/N比显着降低。结果表明，HEBP和HMP均能有效地预防牙结石的形成。体外实验结果表明，HEBP和HMP的抗牙结石作用可能是通过抑制牙结石的主要成分磷酸钙晶体的形成和生长而实现的。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HEBP(1-hydroxy-ethane-1,1-bisphosphonate) and HMP(Hexametaphosphate) on the formation of dental calculus in humans. Fourty-five adults with no systemic disease, age 21-48, volunteered in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups and either of 1.0% HEBP, 1.2% HMP or placebo was given as a rinsing solution 3 times daily for 14 day. This study was carried out according to a double blind with a cross over expreimental design. During the experimental period, a small removable metal plate with cast clasps where the standardized polyester films were sticked was placed on the buccal site of molar teeth for each subject. On day 14, the plaque permitted to develop on the polyester films was harvested. Total amounts of Ca, P, N and Ca/N ratio in the plaque were determined. Both of the rinsings with HEBP and HMP solution significantly reduced the Ca content in the plaque compared with the placebo solution. Total P in the plaque was also reduced in the-group rinsed with HEBP. Ca/N ratio was significantly reduced in the group rinsed with HMP. From these results, both HEBP and HMP coult be effective agents in preventing the dental calculus in vivo. Results of in vitro experiments suggested that anti-calculus effects of HEBP and HMP might be due to the inhibitory effects of these agents on the crystal formation and crystal growth of calcium phosphate which is the main constituent of dental calculus.