Studies on the Application of Biotechnology to Mulberry Cultivation System

生物技术在桑树栽培体系中的应用研究

• 批准号: 62860007
• 负责人: OHNISHI Toshio
• 金额: $ 5.57万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Institute of Technology (1987, 1989)Kyoto University (1988)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62860007/
• 关键词: Biotechnology of Mulberry; Refrigeration of Callus; Dormancy of Callus; Paraquat Tolerance; Cytokinin Content; Colchicin・PFP Treatment; Shoot Apexs Culture; Coumarin・Brassinolide Treatment; カルスの冷蔵; 休眠類似現象; NO_2イオン; PFP処理; 老化とサイトカイニン; 桑カルスの保存

Development of mulberry biotechnology and application of the technology to the field of mulberry cultivation have been attempted, aimed at establishing a new mulberry cultivation system. We believe that we have achieved results of deep significance with regard to the main research object as exemplified below.Ohnishi has examined long-range preservation methods of mulberry calluses as the genetic resource of mulberry species calluses and then storing the treated and varieties, by applying a low temperature acclimation treatment to the calluses in a refrigerator and a freezer, and has established firstly a refrigeration method. Through this study, ohnishi has found a pseudo-dormancy phenomenon of calluses, which occurred due to the refrigeration, and examined physiologlcal causes of this phenomenon.Honma has studied mechanism of a paraquat-resistance of a weed, Erigeron philadelphicus, grown a mulberry field and found that the number of paraquat-resistant individuals increased by continu … More ous application of paraquat inside the mulberry field. A tissue culture study was performed using these resistant individuals and other sensitive strains, which resulted in a finding that calluses and protoplasts originated from the resistant individuals were also possessed of the paraquat-resistance.Kuno has detected callus induction-enhancing activities in coumarin and brassinolide and found that (1) coumarin enhanced growth of a induced callus, but such a growth-enhancing ability of brassinolide was similar to that of benzyl adenine, and (2) a callus grown in the presence of coumarin was friable, while a callus induced by brassinolide was compact.Oshigane has treated isolated buds with colchicine and obtained a hexaploid individual (2n = 84) from a triploid variety. Oshigane has also observed reduced and increased ploidy cells (2n = 14 to 26 and 30 to 56, respectively) in PFP-treated cultured buds.Yanagisawa has examined seasonal changes in the contents of cytokinin in mulberry varieties and found that the cytokinin contents in these varieties were different from one another, regardless of their leaves, stems and winter buds, and seasonal changes in the contents proceeded by keeping such inter-variety differences.Iwata has found that (1) an Ms(Fe) medium was effective for winter bud stem apex culture for use in the production of mulberry seedlings,(2) "JERANGAMU" was useful for the observation of root development, (3) optimum concentration of NAA was 0.1 mg/l and (4) good results of acclimation were obtained by applying vermiculite to "GIFI" pots. Less

对桑树生物技术的发展及其在桑树栽培领域的应用进行了尝试，旨在建立一种新的桑树栽培体系。我们相信，我们在以下主要研究对象方面取得了具有深远意义的成果。Ohnishi研究了桑愈伤组织作为桑树种愈伤组织遗传资源的长期保存方法，然后通过对愈伤组织进行低温驯化处理，将处理后的桑树愈伤组织和品种保存在冰箱和冷冻箱中，并首次建立了冷藏方法。通过这项研究，Ohnishi发现了由于冷藏而发生的愈伤组织的伪休眠现象，并研究了这种现象的生理原因。Honma研究了杂草Erigune Philadelphicus的抗百草枯机理，并在桑地种植发现，持续的…增加了抗百草枯的个体数量桑园内多施百草枯。用这些抗性个体和其他敏感菌株进行组织培养研究，结果发现来自抗性个体的愈伤组织和原生质体也具有百草枯抗性。库诺检测了香豆素和油菜素内酯对愈伤组织诱导的促进活性，发现(1)香豆素促进愈伤组织的生长，但油菜素内酯的促进生长能力与苯基腺嘌呤相似，(2)在香豆素存在下生长的愈伤组织易碎，而油菜素内酯诱导的愈伤组织致密。Oshigane用秋水仙素处理分离的芽，从三倍体品种中获得了一个六倍体个体(2n=84)。Oshigane还观察到在PFP处理的培养芽中倍性细胞减少和增加(分别为2n=14到26和30到56)。Yanagisawa研究了桑树品种细胞分裂素含量的季节性变化，发现这些品种的细胞分裂素含量不同，无论是叶、茎和冬芽，其含量的季节性变化都是通过保持这种品种间的差异进行的。岩田发现：(1)MS(Fe)培养基对于用于桑树幼苗生产的冬芽茎尖培养是有效的，(2)JERANGAMU有助于观察根的发育，(3)外源NAA0.1 mg/L为最适浓度；(4)“GIFI”盆栽应用蛭石驯化效果较好。较少

项目成果

本間慎: 日本環境学会予稿集. 15. (1989)

Shin Homma：日本环境学会会议记录 15。（1989）

西口達郎 他: 九州蚕糸. 18. 9 (1988)

西口达郎等人：九州丝绸。18. 9 (1988)

Eki Iwata: "Optimum culture medium to be acclimation for juvenile mulberry plant culturing shoot apexs" Sericultural Science of Kyusyu, 20, in press, 1989 159-160, 1989.

Eki Iwata：“幼年桑树苗尖驯化的最佳培养基”，九州蚕业科学，20，出版，1989年159-160，1989年。

Fumihiko Yasukura and Toshio Ohnishi: "Effect of refrigeration period of mulberry calluses on their growth after the storage and pseudo-dormancy induced by the storage" Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan, 59, in, contribution, 1990.

安仓文彦和大西敏夫：“冷藏期对桑胬愈伤组织贮藏后生长的影响以及贮藏引起的假休眠”，《日本蚕业科学杂志》，59，投稿，1990年。

岩田益: "桑の茎頂培養における培地の条件" 九州蚕糸. 18. 10 (1987)

Masu Iwata：“桑树芽尖培养的介质条件”九州芹日。 18. 10 (1987)