Studies on the Application of Biotechnology to Mulberry Cultivation System

对桑葚生物技术的发展及其在桑葚栽培领域的应用进行了尝试，旨在建立一种新的桑葚栽培体系。我们相信，我们已经取得了具有深远意义的结果，关于主要研究对象，如下所示。大西研究了桑葚愈伤组织的长期保存方法，作为桑葚种愈伤组织的遗传资源，然后将处理过的和品种保存，通过在冰箱和冷冻机中对愈伤组织进行低温驯化处理，并首次建立了冷藏方法。通过这项研究，大西发现了由于冷藏而发生的愈伤组织的假休眠现象，并研究了这种现象的生理原因。本间研究了生长在桑葚的杂草飞蓬的百草枯抗性机制，发现百草枯抗性个体的数量随着时间的推移而增加。 关于我们 百草枯在桑葚中的应用利用这些抗性个体和其他敏感株系进行组织培养研究，结果发现，来自抗性个体的愈伤组织和原生质体也具有百草枯抗性。Kuno检测了香豆素和油菜素的愈伤组织诱导增强活性，发现（1）香豆素促进诱导愈伤组织的生长，但芸苔素的这种生长促进能力与苄基腺嘌呤相似，和（2）在香豆素存在下生长的愈伤组织易碎，用秋水仙素处理离体芽，获得了一个六倍体（2n = 84）。从一个三倍体品种。Oshigane还观察到倍性细胞减少和增加（2n分别为14 ~ 26和30 ~ 56）.柳泽研究了桑树品种细胞分裂素含量的季节变化，发现这些品种的细胞分裂素含量彼此不同，无论它们的叶、茎和冬芽，岩田发现（1）Ms（Fe）培养基对冬芽茎尖培养在桑葚育苗中的应用是有效的，（2）“JERANGAMU”对观察根的发育是有用的，（3）NAA的最佳浓度为0.1mg/l;（4）蛭石对“GIFI”盆的驯化效果较好。少

Development of mulberry biotechnology and application of the technology to the field of mulberry cultivation have been attempted, aimed at establishing a new mulberry cultivation system. We believe that we have achieved results of deep significance with regard to the main research object as exemplified below.Ohnishi has examined long-range preservation methods of mulberry calluses as the genetic resource of mulberry species calluses and then storing the treated and varieties, by applying a low temperature acclimation treatment to the calluses in a refrigerator and a freezer, and has established firstly a refrigeration method. Through this study, ohnishi has found a pseudo-dormancy phenomenon of calluses, which occurred due to the refrigeration, and examined physiologlcal causes of this phenomenon.Honma has studied mechanism of a paraquat-resistance of a weed, Erigeron philadelphicus, grown a mulberry field and found that the number of paraquat-resistant individuals increased by continu … More ous application of paraquat inside the mulberry field. A tissue culture study was performed using these resistant individuals and other sensitive strains, which resulted in a finding that calluses and protoplasts originated from the resistant individuals were also possessed of the paraquat-resistance.Kuno has detected callus induction-enhancing activities in coumarin and brassinolide and found that (1) coumarin enhanced growth of a induced callus, but such a growth-enhancing ability of brassinolide was similar to that of benzyl adenine, and (2) a callus grown in the presence of coumarin was friable, while a callus induced by brassinolide was compact.Oshigane has treated isolated buds with colchicine and obtained a hexaploid individual (2n = 84) from a triploid variety. Oshigane has also observed reduced and increased ploidy cells (2n = 14 to 26 and 30 to 56, respectively) in PFP-treated cultured buds.Yanagisawa has examined seasonal changes in the contents of cytokinin in mulberry varieties and found that the cytokinin contents in these varieties were different from one another, regardless of their leaves, stems and winter buds, and seasonal changes in the contents proceeded by keeping such inter-variety differences.Iwata has found that (1) an Ms(Fe) medium was effective for winter bud stem apex culture for use in the production of mulberry seedlings,(2) "JERANGAMU" was useful for the observation of root development, (3) optimum concentration of NAA was 0.1 mg/l and (4) good results of acclimation were obtained by applying vermiculite to "GIFI" pots. Less