Studies on the Application of Biotechnology to Mulberry Cultivation System

对桑树生物技术的发展及其在桑树栽培领域的应用进行了尝试，旨在建立一种新的桑树栽培体系。我们认为，就如下所示的主要研究对象而言，我们已经取得了具有深刻意义的成果。Ohnishi研究了桑树愈伤组织作为桑树物种愈伤组织遗传资源的长期保存方法，并通过对愈伤组织进行低温驯化处理，在冰箱和冷冻室中保存处理后的愈伤组织和品种，首次建立了一种冷藏方法。通过这项研究，ohnishi发现了由于冷藏而发生的老茧伪休眠现象，并研究了这种现象的生理原因。本马在桑田研究了百草枯抗性机理，发现在桑田内持续施用百草枯，百草枯抗性个体数增加。利用这些抗性个体和其他敏感品系进行组织培养研究，发现抗性个体产生的愈伤组织和原生质体也具有抗百草枯性。Kuno检测了香豆素和油菜素内酯对愈伤组织的诱导活性，发现(1)香豆素促进了诱导愈伤组织的生长，但这种促进生长的能力与苯腺苷相似；(2)香豆素诱导的愈伤组织易碎，而油菜素内酯诱导的愈伤组织致密。Oshigane用秋水仙碱处理离体芽，从一个三倍体品种中获得了一个六倍体个体（2n = 84）。Oshigane还观察到，在pfp处理的培养芽中，倍体细胞数量减少和增加（2n分别为14 ~ 26和30 ~ 56）。Yanagisawa研究了桑树品种中细胞分裂素含量的季节变化，发现这些品种的细胞分裂素含量是不同的，无论它们的叶、茎和冬芽，其含量的季节变化都是保持这种品种间差异的。岩田发现(1)Ms（Fe）培养基对桑树冬芽茎尖培养有效，可用于桑树苗的生产；(2)“JERANGAMU”培养基可用于观察根的发育；(3)NAA的最佳浓度为0.1 mg/l;(4)在“GIFI”盆栽上施用蚯蚓石，驯化效果良好。少

Development of mulberry biotechnology and application of the technology to the field of mulberry cultivation have been attempted, aimed at establishing a new mulberry cultivation system. We believe that we have achieved results of deep significance with regard to the main research object as exemplified below.Ohnishi has examined long-range preservation methods of mulberry calluses as the genetic resource of mulberry species calluses and then storing the treated and varieties, by applying a low temperature acclimation treatment to the calluses in a refrigerator and a freezer, and has established firstly a refrigeration method. Through this study, ohnishi has found a pseudo-dormancy phenomenon of calluses, which occurred due to the refrigeration, and examined physiologlcal causes of this phenomenon.Honma has studied mechanism of a paraquat-resistance of a weed, Erigeron philadelphicus, grown a mulberry field and found that the number of paraquat-resistant individuals increased by continu … More ous application of paraquat inside the mulberry field. A tissue culture study was performed using these resistant individuals and other sensitive strains, which resulted in a finding that calluses and protoplasts originated from the resistant individuals were also possessed of the paraquat-resistance.Kuno has detected callus induction-enhancing activities in coumarin and brassinolide and found that (1) coumarin enhanced growth of a induced callus, but such a growth-enhancing ability of brassinolide was similar to that of benzyl adenine, and (2) a callus grown in the presence of coumarin was friable, while a callus induced by brassinolide was compact.Oshigane has treated isolated buds with colchicine and obtained a hexaploid individual (2n = 84) from a triploid variety. Oshigane has also observed reduced and increased ploidy cells (2n = 14 to 26 and 30 to 56, respectively) in PFP-treated cultured buds.Yanagisawa has examined seasonal changes in the contents of cytokinin in mulberry varieties and found that the cytokinin contents in these varieties were different from one another, regardless of their leaves, stems and winter buds, and seasonal changes in the contents proceeded by keeping such inter-variety differences.Iwata has found that (1) an Ms(Fe) medium was effective for winter bud stem apex culture for use in the production of mulberry seedlings,(2) "JERANGAMU" was useful for the observation of root development, (3) optimum concentration of NAA was 0.1 mg/l and (4) good results of acclimation were obtained by applying vermiculite to "GIFI" pots. Less