Analysis of Photosynthesis stimulation activity of Choline Analogues and N-Substituted glycine analogues and Development as a agent of increased yield

Suzuki利用小麦原生质体和氧电极开发了一种简单的光合刺激剂生物测定方法。通过这种生物测定方法，揭示了胆碱类似物和n -取代甘氨酸类似物是一种光合作用刺激物。另一方面，根据永井、荒井、横山的研究，氯化胆碱明显促进了番茄、汗薯和水稻的生长。Konnai研究表明，氯化胆碱对IAA和油菜素内酯具有较弱的植物激素活性和协同作用。在该项目中，我们也获得了与光合作用机制和植物生长刺激活性相关的良好结果。根据Suzuki的代谢研究，氯化胆碱通过磷胆碱代谢为甜菜碱或磷脂酰胆碱，丙烯胆碱仅代谢为甜菜碱，苄胆碱不代谢。这些结果表明，光合作用的刺激活性不是归因于胆碱类似物的代谢物。Nakamoto研究了胆碱类似物对C_4途径酶的影响，并明确这些化合物对C_4途径酶没有影响。然而，佐藤证明，当添加氯化胆碱时，光混合营养细胞培养显示出生长和光合电子传递的刺激。此外，根据Suzuki的研究，胆碱类似物使atp酶（CF-1蛋白）的活性提高了50%以上。这些结果表明，胆碱类似物可以促进C_3植物光合作用的光反应。

Suzuki developed a simple bioassay method for photosynthesis stimulators using wheat protoplasts and oxygen electrode. With this bioassay method, choline analogues and N-substituted glycine analogues were revealed to be a photosyntesis stimulator. On th other hand, it was clear that choline chloride stimulated a growth of tomato, sweat potato and rice under research of Nagai, Arai, Yokoyama. Konnai revealed that choline chliride had weak phytohormone activity and synergistic effects on IAA or brassinolide. In the project, we also obtained good results which related the mechanism of photosynthesis and the plant growth stimulation activity. According to metabolism study by Suzuki, choline chloride was metabolized to betain or to phosphatidylcholine through phosphorylcholine, allylcholine was metabolized to only betain, and benzylcholine was not metabolized. These results suggest that the photosynthesis stimulation activity is not attributable to metabolites of choline analogues. Nakamoto investigated the effects of choline analogues on C_4 pathway enzymes and cleared that these compounds had no effect. Satoh, however, proved that photo mixotrophic cell cultures shown growth and photosynthetic electron transport stimulation when added with choline chloride. In addition, choline analogues increased the activity of ATPase (CF-1 protein) by more than 50% from reserch of Suzuki. These results suggest that light reaction of photosynthesis in C_3 plant is stimulated by choline analogues.