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Imbalance of Neuronal Activity as the Underlying Principle of Unconsciousness in Sleep and General Anesthesia

神经活动失衡是睡眠和全身麻醉无意识的根本原理

基本信息

批准号：
407711355
负责人：
Dr. Janna Lendner
金额：
--
依托单位：
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Fellowships
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/407711355?language=en
关键词：
Imbalance Neuronal Activity Underlying Principle

项目摘要

Unconsciousness is part of our daily life: We experience it during sleep, which constitutes about one third of our lives, or as general anesthesia during a surgical procedure. Sleep is a natural state induced by the brain itself and is vital for a healthy mind and body - without sleep we die. Anesthesia, on the other hand, is an artificial 'sleep' that keeps us unaware of our surroundings, oblivious to painful stimuli and hinders us from forming new memories. While sleep has positive effects on our cognitive abilities, a deep anesthesia can even be harmful. Although both states of unconsciousness play such an important role in our lives, the underlying neuronal principles remain poorly understood and it is still unclear how much these states have in common. Here, we aim to differentiate distinct neuronal states of unconsciousness by comparing network activity in waking, sleep and general anesthesia within the same patient. We will test if unconsciousness is the result of an imbalance of neuronal activity on the I) local (within one area) or II) global (between different areas) level. To achieve these goals, we will take advantage of the excellent spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial recording in patients who suffer from pharmacoresistant epilepsy. These recordings provide detailed insights into brain dynamics not only on the surface but also within deep brain structures.The proposed project will advance our understanding of the neurophysiological basis of altered states of consciousness with extensive implications for both basic as well as translational sciences. The outcomes of this study will be of clinical use and can help to improve neuromonitoring in anesthesia and intensive care and by that reduce the incidence of side effects like intraoperative awareness or postoperative cognitive decline. Furthermore, they will enhance sleep monitoring (e.g. in a laboratory) and make sleep scoring easier and more accurate. The new insights from this study may shed new light on the basis of other altered forms of consciousness (e.g. coma, vegetative state, postictal state or absence epilepsy) and could thereby help to develop novel therapeutic strategies.

无意识是我们日常生活的一部分：我们在睡眠中经历它，它占了我们生命的三分之一，或者在手术过程中的全身麻醉。睡眠是一种由大脑自身诱导的自然状态，对健康的身心至关重要——没有睡眠我们就会死亡。另一方面，麻醉是一种人造的“睡眠”，使我们对周围环境浑然不觉，对痛苦的刺激视而不见，并阻碍我们形成新的记忆。虽然睡眠对我们的认知能力有积极影响，但深度麻醉甚至可能是有害的。尽管这两种无意识状态在我们的生活中都扮演着如此重要的角色，但人们对潜在的神经元原理知之甚少，而且仍然不清楚这些状态有多少共同之处。在这里，我们的目的是通过比较同一患者在清醒、睡眠和全身麻醉时的网络活动来区分不同的无意识神经元状态。我们将测试无意识是否是局部（在一个区域内）或全局（在不同区域之间）水平上神经元活动不平衡的结果。为了实现这些目标，我们将利用耐药癫痫患者颅内记录的优异时空分辨率。这些记录提供了对大脑动力学的详细见解，不仅在表面上，而且在大脑深层结构内。拟议的项目将推进我们对意识状态改变的神经生理学基础的理解，对基础科学和转化科学都有广泛的影响。本研究的结果将具有临床应用价值，有助于改善麻醉和重症监护中的神经监测，从而减少术中意识或术后认知能力下降等副作用的发生。此外，它们将加强睡眠监测（例如在实验室中），使睡眠评分更容易、更准确。这项研究的新见解可能会在其他意识形态改变的基础上（如昏迷、植物人状态、后电位状态或失神癫痫）提供新的思路，从而有助于开发新的治疗策略。