Quantum heat engines

量子热机

• 批准号: 408781289
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Joachim Ankerhold
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Physik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/408781289?language=en
• 关键词: Quantum; heat; engines

A fundamental understanding of the role of genuine quantum processes in quantum heat engines is currently lacking. While powerful theoretical tools exist to describe the operations of quantum heat engines in perturbative regimes, a consistent simulation platform for a non-perturbative approach needs yet to be formulated in order to capture non-adiabatic regimes, or very low temperatures and strong couplings, or quantum correlations between work agent and baths. On the experimental side, and based on the excellent progress for controlling single- and multi-particle systems, either with ultra-cold atoms or ion crystals or solid-state systems such as colour centres, we have seen first classical micro heat-engines that have been realised. However, heat engines operating deep in the quantum regime, or quantum refrigerators have only been proposed but not experimentally realised so far.Key to this project is exploring dedicated experimental quantum heat engines namely, single trapped ions or ion crystals, ultra-cold atoms or Nitrogen-Vacancy centres in diamonds. We thus aim at overcoming a significant boleneck in this research field. Common to these platforms is an excellent control of the relevant degrees of freedom such as interacting spins and motional quantum states. In close collaboration with theory we will identify and characterize quantumness in such heat engines. We will reveal the role of quantum fluctuations and investigate how they aect the operation of quantum heat engines, or how advanced multi-particle schemes may provide assets in the quantum regime. Building upon this, we aim for the identification of protocols in which an appropriate application of designed system-bath interactions allows for an enhancement of the power in quantum heat engines and quantum refrigerators.

目前还缺乏对量子热机中真正的量子过程的作用的基本理解。虽然存在强大的理论工具来描述量子热机在微扰状态下的运行，但仍需要制定用于非微扰方法的一致模拟平台，以捕获非绝热状态，或极低的温度和强耦合，或工作剂和浴之间的量子相关性。在实验方面，基于控制单粒子和多粒子系统（无论是使用超冷原子或离子晶体还是色心等固态系统）的出色进展，我们已经看到了第一个已实现的经典微型热机。然而，在量子态深处运行的热机或量子制冷机迄今为止仅被提出，但尚未在实验上实现。该项目的关键是探索专用的实验量子热机，即单俘获离子或离子晶体、超冷原子或钻石中的氮空位中心。因此，我们的目标是克服该研究领域的一个重大瓶颈。这些平台的共同点是对相关自由度的出色控制，例如相互作用的自旋和运动量子态。通过与理论的密切合作，我们将识别并表征此类热机中的量子性。我们将揭示量子涨落的作用，并研究它们如何影响量子热机的运行，或者先进的多粒子方案如何在量子领域提供资产。在此基础上，我们的目标是确定协议，在这些协议中，设计的系统-浴交互的适当应用可以增强量子热机和量子冰箱的功率。