权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The Brutality of War and the Limits of Violence in Archaic and Classical Greece

古代和古典希腊战争的残酷性和暴力的限度

基本信息

批准号：
408890399
负责人：
Dr. Lennart Gilhaus
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung für Alte Geschichte
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Fellowships
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/408890399?language=en
关键词：
Brutality War Limits Violence Archaic

项目摘要

Even though physical violence is the constituting element of war, classicists and scholars of ancient history have only very recently begun to make a study of violence in ancient Greek warfare. The evolution and the extent of violence in warfare are still disputed. Some scholars assume that until the late fifth century BCE wars were fairly small-scale and violence effectively contained by rules and conventions; while others stress the range of violent acts that characterised even archaic warfare, and point out that the extinction of enemies had always been an option. The different schools of thought view the developments of the fifth and fourth centuries very differently, interpreting them either as the blatant breaking of established rules, or as ordinary forms of military conflict unchanged since Homeric times.This controversy over the nature of ancient warfare has been governed by presuppositions on both sides and appears to have ground to a halt. A fresh approach from a cultural science perspective promises to be more fruitful, allowing us to include aspects like the history of mentalities as well as social and political developments. The project aims to reconstruct and contextualise the conditions under which violence was practised in warfare in Archaic and Classical Greece. It will take seriously ambiguities and conflicting statements in the sources about the practice of violence and consider them in conjunction with discourses of justice, power and honour in the Greek city states. As a result, we should gain a clearer understanding of the causes of violence and the changing attitudes towards it among Greeks in both thought and practice. The project will deliver new insights to the history of warfare in the Ancient Greek world; more importantly, it will make a significant contribution to a history of violence in Antiquity.

尽管身体暴力是战争的构成要素，但古典主义者和古代史学者直到最近才开始研究古希腊战争中的暴力。战争中暴力的演变和程度仍有争议。一些学者认为，直到公元前世纪晚期，战争的规模都相当小，暴力行为被规则和惯例有效地遏制了;而另一些学者则强调，暴力行为的范围甚至是古代战争的特征，并指出消灭敌人一直是一种选择。不同的思想流派对5世纪和4世纪的发展有着截然不同的看法，他们要么将其解释为公然违反既定规则，要么将其解释为自荷马时代以来就没有改变过的普通军事冲突形式。这场关于古代战争性质的争论一直受到双方预设的支配，似乎已经陷入停顿。从文化科学的角度来看，一种新的方法有望取得更大的成果，使我们能够包括诸如思想史以及社会和政治发展等方面。该项目旨在重建和背景化的条件下，暴力是在战争中实行的古希腊和古典希腊。它将认真对待资料来源中关于暴力做法的模棱两可和相互矛盾的说法，并将其与希腊城邦中关于正义、权力和荣誉的论述结合起来加以考虑。因此，我们应该更清楚地了解暴力的原因以及希腊人在思想和实践中对暴力态度的变化。该项目将为古希腊世界的战争史提供新的见解;更重要的是，它将为古代的暴力史做出重大贡献。