Plant diversity in the Mediterranean area: Micro- and macroevolutionary studies in Anthemis L. (Compositae, Anthemideae)

地中海地区是研究植物特有及其进化的理想而迷人的地方。本研究的目的是对Anhemis L.作为地中海植被的典型成员进行宏观和微观进化研究，以便更深入地了解该属内谱系的迁移路径和时期，这些多样化过程背后的地质和古生态驱动机制，以及岛屿系统在地中海植物物种种群遗传分化中的作用。为了实现这些目标，我们将(1)准备一个完整的、盆地范围的Anhemis s.l的分子系统发育重建。(196种)基于一个核(NrDNA ITS)和两个叶绿体(cpDNA psbAtrnH，TRNC-PETN)标记的序列信息，(2)使用不同的生物地理重建方法和扩散/替代事件的分子测年来重建地中海地区研究小组的时空多样性，(3)准备末端/分支的生态气候重建，并基于根据地理参考标本的分布数据推断的潜在气候范围来完成它们之间的生态位比较，以及(4)在地中海中部群岛系统(西西里群岛，包括西西里、突尼斯、马耳他、兰佩杜斯、Pantelleria、Pantelleria)的Anhemis secundiramea群体中进行种群遗传和系统地理研究(AFLP，cpDNA测序埃加迪亚群岛、乌斯蒂亚群岛、埃奥里安群岛)，并将它们与物种的生态气候学重建和它们之间的生态位比较结合起来。

The Mediterranean region is an ideal and fascinating place to study plant endemism and its evolution. The here proposed investigations aim at macro- and microevolutionary studies in Anthemis L. as a typical member of the Mediterranean vegetation in order to gain more insight into the paths and periods of migration of lineages within the genus, into the geological and paleoecological driving mechanisms behind these diversification processes, and into the role of island systems in the genetic differentiation of populations of Mediterranean plant species. To achieve these goals we will (1) prepare a complete, basin-wide, molecular phylogenetic reconstruction for Anthemis s.l. (196 spp.) based on sequence information from a nuclear (nrDNA ITS) and two chloroplast (cpDNA psbAtrnH, trnC-petN) markers, (2) reconstruct the temporal and spatial diversification of the study group in the Mediterranean region using different biogeographical reconstruction methods and the molecular dating of dispersal/vicariance events, (3) prepare ecoclimatological reconstructions for terminals/clades and accomplish niche comparisons among them based on potential climatic ranges inferred from distribution data of georeferenced herbarium specimens, and (4) perform population genetic and phylogeographical studies (AFLP, cpDNA sequencing) in populations of the Anthemis secundiramea group in the central Mediterranean island system (Sicilian archipelago including Sicily, Tunisia, Malta, Lampedus, Pantelleria, Aegadian Islands, Ustica, Aeolian Islands) and combine them with eco-climatological reconstructions for species and niche comparisons among them.