Consequences of polyploidy: Phylogeny, phyloecology, and expression of duplicated genes in Leucanthemum Mill. (Compositae, Anthemideae)

多倍性（通过自体或异源多倍性进行全基因组复制）是被子植物进化中的一个重要过程。这里提出的项目将使用令人印象深刻的多倍体复杂的属Leucalumum（菊科，春黄菊科）与42个物种代表了一个不间断的系列的二倍体到十二倍体染色体数目作为一个模型，调查遗传，基因组，地理和生态后果的多倍体。在一个自上而下的方法，我们设想（a）准备一个假设的网状系统发生的整个属使用核和叶绿体标记和AFLP指纹，沿着与最新的分类修订的属，和（B）地理参考标本的基础上，所有物种的生态气候生态位模型。系统发育信息和重建的实际和潜在的生态气候生态位，然后将用于限制时间，空间和生态多样性的多倍性复杂。在自底向上的方法中，我们将使用语义上不同的L。pluriflorum家族包括来自伊比利亚沿海和内陆栖息地的二倍体、四倍体和六倍体物种，以（a）研究该组的植物地理学和（B）通过序列比较和表达研究评估与耐盐性相关的重复候选基因的命运。

Polyploidy (whole genome duplication via auto- or allopolyploidy) is an important process in angiosperm evolution. The here proposed project will use the impressive polyploid complex of the genus Leucanthemum (Compositae, Anthemideae) with 42 species representing an uninterrupted series of diploid to dodecaploid chromosome numbers as a model to investigate the genetic, genomic, biogeographical and ecological consequences of polyploidy. In a top-down approach we envisage (a) to prepare a hypothesis of the reticulate phylogeny of the whole genus using sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast markers and AFLP fingerprinting, along with an up-to-date taxonomic revision of the genus, and (b) to model eco-climatic niches of all species based on georeferenced herbarium specimens. Phylogenetic information and reconstructions of actual and potential eco-climatic niches will be then used to circumscribe the temporal, spatial and ecological diversification of the polyploidy complex. In a bottom-up approach, we will use the phylogentically distinct L. pluriflorum clan comprising diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species from Iberian coastal and inland habitats (a) to study the phylogeography of this group and (b) to assess the fate of duplicated candidate genes connected with salt tolerance by sequence comparisons and expression studies.