Extended synchronization on complex networks and dynamic stability in future power grids

电网是世界上最复杂的人造复杂系统之一。传统的动态稳定性分析主要集中在频率和转子角度的稳定性，即同步发电机各转子的同步运动，这是维持电网正常运行所必需的。近年来，从同步的理论物理和非线性动力学的角度对这一稳定性问题及其潜在的相和频率动力学方程进行了广泛的研究，将两个研究领域结合在一起。随着电力电子设备(如可再生能源发电和高压直流输电线路的广泛部署)的普及，出现了许多新的稳定性问题，不仅与角度和频率有关，还与电压现象有关。在许多国家，这引起了电网运营商越来越多的担忧。该项目将汇集两组具有不同学科背景的复杂系统和电网的领先研究科学家，以极大地推广电网同步稳定性的研究，以涵盖所有这些新的动态现象。依赖于非线性动力学和复杂网络，我们将基于交流电力传输物理推导出模拟单个设备和整个网络之间关系的通用方程：有功功率和无功功率以及复杂电压的相位和幅值动态。这将使未来电网的动态稳定性问题可以作为一个广义同步问题来解决。分析了节点动态特性和网络结构对电力系统同步状态稳定性的影响。我们将使用复杂系统和理论物理的工具来分析特定的小系统，包括几台机器，以及对应于整个电网的多台机器系统。这些结果将有助于从非线性动力学和全系统的角度来理解电网稳定的物理机制。

The power grid is among the most complicated man-made complex systems in the world. Traditional dynamic stability analysis is focused mostly on frequency and rotor-angle stability, namely, the synchronous motion of each rotor of the synchronous generators, which is necessary to maintain the normal operation of the power grid.In recent years this stability problem, and the underlying dynamical equations for phase and frequency have been studied extensively from the point of view of the theoretical physics and nonlinear dynamics of synchronization, bringing together two research communities.With the increased penetration of power electronic equipment (such as wide deployment of renewable energy generation and HVDC transmission lines), a lot of new stability problems have appeared related to not just angle and frequency but also voltage phenomena. In many countries these have caused power grid operators growing concerns. This project will bring together two groups of leading research scientists of complex systems and power grids with different discipline backgrounds, to vastly generalize the study of synchronization stability in power grids to cover all these new dynamical phenomena.Relying on nonlinear dynamics and complex networks, we will derive general equations that model the relationship between individual devices and the network as a whole based in the physics of AC power transport: Active and reactive power and complex voltage’s phase and amplitude dynamics. This will make the problem of the dynamical stability of future power grids addressable as a generalized synchronization problem. The influence of the dynamic characteristics of nodes and the network structure on the stability of the synchronous state of the power system will be analysed. We will use the tools of complex systems and theoretical physics to analyse specific small systems, encompassing few machines, as well as many-machine systems corresponding to entire power grids. All of these results will help to understand the physical mechanisms of power grid stability from a nonlinear dynamics and whole system perspective.