The relevance of the BIOdiversity TO FUNction relationship in heterotrophic aquatic systems under stress (BIO2FUN)

压力下异养水生系统中生物多样性与功能关系的相关性 (BIO2FUN)

• 批准号: 411020793
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Mirco Bundschuh
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Umweltwissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/411020793?language=en
• 关键词: relevance; BIOdiversity; FUNction; relationship; heterotrophic

Allochthonous organic material, such as leaf litter, is a critical source of energy and nutrients in aquatic systems. The energy and nutrients stored in those leaves is made accessible for the wider food web through the activity of heterotrophic microorganisms, mainly a specific group of aquatic fungi. These fungi degrade leaves directly via the release of enzymes or indirectly by increasing the nutritious quality of leaves for shredders through the concentration of lipids and proteins ultimately stimulating leaf consumption. The microorganisms' community composition on leaves is, however, altered by stressors of anthropogenic origin modifying the extent to which these two functions are fulfilled. According to the pollution induced community tolerance concept, these communities adapt to stress by replacing sensitive with tolerant species. Thereby, these communities become more tolerant, which may be stressor specific. In this context, BIO2FUN will assess in a first step the stress tolerance of complex pristine microbial communities as well as those communities either adapted to a mixture of organic micropollutants and nutrients (stressor-unspecific tolerance) or fungicides (stressor-specific tolerance) originating from wastewater treatment plant effluents and vineyard runoff, respectively. Those communities' leaf decomposition efficiency will be assessed under exposure towards increasing levels of nutrients and fungicides using a full-factorial laboratory based test design. By linking these responses to traits (e.g. enzymatic inventory and nutritious quality in the form of amino and fatty acid compositions) of individual aquatic fungal species, BIO2FUN has the ambition to disentangle the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, those variables allow for an estimation of the nutritious quality of leaves for shredders, which will finally be verified experimentally by assessing physiological consequences in leaf shredding invertebrates. Ultimately, the proposed project will be a milestone for the interpretation of future studies on bottom-up directed effects in heterotrophic food webs.

异地有机物质，如落叶，是水生系统能量和营养的重要来源。通过异养微生物的活动，储存在这些叶子中的能量和营养物质被更广泛的食物网所获取，主要是一组特定的水生真菌。这些真菌通过酶的释放直接或间接地通过脂类和蛋白质的浓度增加粉碎机叶片的营养质量来降解叶片，最终刺激叶片的消费。然而，叶片上的微生物群落组成会被人为的应激因素改变，从而改变这两种功能的实现程度。根据污染诱导群落耐受性的概念，这些群落通过用耐受性物种取代敏感物种来适应压力。因此，这些社区变得更能容忍，这可能是特定于应激源的。在这方面，BIO2FUN将在第一步评估复杂的原始微生物群落以及那些分别适应有机微污染物和营养混合物(压力-非特定耐受性)或来自废水处理厂废水和葡萄园径流的杀菌剂(压力-特定耐受性)的群落的压力耐受性。在营养素和杀菌剂水平增加的情况下，将使用基于全因素实验室的测试设计来评估这些群落的树叶分解效率。通过将这些反应与单个水生真菌物种的特性(例如，酶库存以及以氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的形式的营养质量)联系起来，BIO2FUN有解开潜在机制的雄心。此外，这些变量可以为碎纸机提供对叶片营养质量的估计，最终将通过评估无脊椎动物切叶的生理后果来验证这一点。最终，拟议的项目将成为解释未来关于异养食物网中自下而上定向效应研究的一个里程碑。