Failure in a field of success - phylogeny, classification and palaeodiversity of Slit Shells (order Pleurotomariida: Gastropoda)

成功领域的失败——裂壳的系统发育、分类和古多样性（侧腹目：腹足纲）

• 批准号: 413609851
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Alexander Nützel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/413609851?language=en
• 关键词: Failure; field; success; phylogeny; classification

During the first two years of the project “Failure in a field of success - phylogeny, classification and palaeodiversity of slit shells (order Pleurotomariida: Gastropoda)” we produced three comprehensive taxonomic monographs on Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic Pleurotomariida, in accordance with our research plan for the current project. The taxonomic analyses were very successful and led to numerous clarifications (e.g., new combinations) based on a thorough re-evaluation of morphological characters of type material and well-preserved non-type material. These taxonomic clarifications form an essential prerequisite for phylogenetic and diversity analyses. In these monographs we described 149 species (102 Pleurotomariida, many of them type species of genera), including 31 new species (22 Pleurotomariida) and 11 new pleurotomariidan genera. We documented previously unknown early shell morphology and ontogenetic development of many taxa, improved the descriptive terminology and revised classification of Pleurotomariida on the genus and family level. Additionally, 500 specimens (belonging to more than 400 species) including important type material have been studied and photographed during the collection visits to be used in the phylogenetic analyses. Half of the planned collection visits and data acquisition could not be conducted due to the corona pandemic (especially the planned trip to the US and Sicily had to be cancelled). To a certain degree we were successful to overcome this by intense work on our own collections in Munich, the collections in Vienna, London, and Cortina d'Ampezzo as well as literature analysis. However, the re-design of our original work plan as well as limited access to our research facilities during the lock-downs lead to delays for planned analyses which are well under way but need more time. Phylogenetic analyses and investigation of diversity dynamics were two main goals of the initial project. First result of diversity analysis is to be published soon and phylogenetic analyses are underway (character coding and data matrix). Both need more elaboration and thus an extension of the project duration is desirable. I am therefore applying for an extension of funding for one more year. Within the extended year, the phylogenetic analysis and the diversity analysis will be completed, and the results will be submitted as two separate manuscripts. In the phylogenetic analysis, parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference methods (Fossilized Birth Death Model) will be employed. In the diversity analysis, the diversity change will be investigated with sampling standardization techniques and the environmental affinity hypothesis will be investigated. Preliminary analysis suggests carbonate affinity of Paleozoic gastropod taxa (including Pleurotomariida) and replacement of these groups by taxa with broader environmental affinity during the Mesozoic.

在项目的前两年“在成功领域的失败-裂壳类（Pleurotomariida目：腹足目）的发生、分类和古多样性”，我们根据我们目前项目的研究计划，制作了三本关于石炭纪、二叠纪和三叠纪Pleurotomariida的综合分类学专著。分类学分析非常成功，并导致了许多澄清（例如，新组合）的基础上彻底重新评估的模式材料和保存完好的非模式材料的形态特征。这些分类澄清形成了系统发育和多样性分析的必要先决条件。 在这些专著中，我们描述了149种（102个侧孔虫目，其中许多是属的模式种），包括31个新种（22个侧孔虫目）和11个侧孔虫目新属。我们记录了以前未知的早期壳形态和个体发育的许多类群，改进了描述性术语和修订的分类Pleurotomariida属和科的水平。此外，500个标本（属于400多个物种），包括重要的模式材料进行了研究，并在采集访问期间拍摄用于系统发育分析。由于冠状病毒大流行，一半的计划收集访问和数据采集无法进行（特别是计划前往美国和西西里的旅行不得不取消）。在一定程度上，我们成功地克服了这一点，我们在慕尼黑的收藏，在维也纳，伦敦和科尔蒂纳丹佩佐的收藏以及文献分析的紧张工作。然而，重新设计我们原来的工作计划，以及在封锁期间对我们的研究设施的限制，导致计划中的分析延迟，这些分析正在进行中，但需要更多时间。系统发育分析和多样性动态调查是最初项目的两个主要目标。多样性分析的第一个结果即将发表，系统发育分析正在进行中（特征编码和数据矩阵）。两者都需要更多的阐述，因此需要延长项目持续时间。因此，我申请将资金再延长一年。在延长的一年内，将完成系统发育分析和多样性分析，并将结果作为两份单独的手稿提交。在系统发育分析中，将采用简约分析和贝叶斯推理方法（化石化生灭模型）。在多样性分析中，将采用标准化取样技术研究多样性变化，并对环境亲和性假说进行研究。初步分析表明，碳酸盐的亲和力古生代腹足类（包括Pleurotomariida）和取代这些群体的类群与更广泛的环境亲和力在中生代。