Unraveling drivers of species diversification – an integrative deep-time approach on continental aquatic biota

揭示物种多样化的驱动因素——大陆水生生物群的综合深时方法

• 批准号: 413652595
• 负责人: Dr. Thomas A. Neubauer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/413652595?language=en
• 关键词: Unraveling; drivers; species; diversification; integrative

Understanding processes and settings controlling species diversity and diversification is an ongoing subject of intense research. What enables or limits maximum species numbers? What factors drive speciation and extinction? On what spatial and temporal scales do these drivers act? Studies investigating these questions have yielded quite diverging answers. A main limitation to inferring drivers of diversification has been the fixed temporal scope applied so far. Assuming that the same processes operate uniformly across different time scales might severely hamper our ability to understand the factors controlling diversification. Also, it is of paramount importance to address the impact and interplay of multiple (biotic and abiotic) factors sustaining biodiversity and driving turnover.The goal of this project is to unravel (combinations of) drivers of diversification and at what spatiotemporal scales they are relevant. We will use an extensive dataset of fossil freshwater gastropods from North America and Europe covering the past 100 myr. Potential drivers include both abiotic (climate, orbital cyclicity and tectonic complexity) and biotic factors (competition intensity, predation pressure and passive dispersal potential). Temporal impacts are measured at a variety of spatial, habitat and life style levels. A novel “floating windows” approach will be developed that allows assessing covariation between diversification rates and potential drivers across variable time frames. By comparing impact of (sets of) drivers between Europe and North America through time we also aim to distinguish between global and regional drivers. The analytical pipeline will be combined in a comprehensive open-source R package.We expect that our contribution featuring novel analytical techniques in a deep-time and transcontinental approach will place a new and integrated perspective on the study of diversification dynamics. It will address the importance of the variable temporal and spatial scales at which drivers act on diversification processes. The anticipated results will help to identify and quantify tipping points in Earth history on various scales. The project will constitute an important baseline for future assessments of the impact of contemporary (and expected future) global change scenarios on the current biodiversity crisis.

了解控制物种多样性和多样化的过程和环境是一个正在进行的深入研究的主题。什么因素能够实现或限制最大物种数量？哪些因素驱动物种形成和灭绝？这些驱动因素在什么空间和时间尺度上发挥作用？对这些问题的研究得出了截然不同的答案。推断多样化驱动因素的一个主要限制是迄今为止应用的固定时间范围。假设相同的过程在不同的时间尺度上统一运行可能会严重妨碍我们理解控制多样化因素的能力。此外，解决维持生物多样性和推动周转的多种（生物和非生物）因素的影响和相互作用也至关重要。该项目的目标是揭示多样化的驱动因素（组合）以及它们在时空尺度上的相关性。我们将使用来自北美和欧洲的淡水腹足动物化石的广泛数据集，覆盖过去 100 林吉特。潜在的驱动因素包括非生物因素（气候、轨道周期性和构造复杂性）和生物因素（竞争强度、捕食压力和被动扩散潜力）。时间影响是在各种空间、栖息地和生活方式水平上衡量的。将开发一种新颖的“浮动窗口”方法，允许评估不同时间范围内多样化率和潜在驱动因素之间的协变。通过比较欧洲和北美之间（组）驱动因素随时间变化的影响，我们还旨在区分全球和区域驱动因素。分析管道将合并在一个全面的开源 R 包中。我们期望我们的贡献以深度时间和跨大陆方法中的新颖分析技术为特色，将为多元化动力学的研究提供新的综合视角。它将讨论驱动因素在多样化过程中发挥作用的可变时间和空间尺度的重要性。预期结果将有助于在不同尺度上识别和量化地球历史的临界点。该项目将为未来评估当代（和预期的未来）全球变化情景对当前生物多样性危机的影响提供重要基准。