Chirped-pulse Fourier transform millimeterwave spectroscopy on transient molecules of astrophysical relevance (CP-FTMM Astro)

像智利的ALMA（阿塔卡马大型毫米波阵列）天文台这样的现代望远镜，可以前所未有地观察复杂的天文物体，比如晚型恒星及其化学环境。垂死的恒星将其大部分质量以气相物质和尘埃的形式喷射到外层空间，从而成为宇宙化学更新的主要驱动力。新的观测数据表明，我们对这些天体的分子结构所知甚少，因为很明显，大部分发射谱线的载流子还无法确定。这主要是由于缺乏实验室数据，即缺乏小分子亚毫米范围内的高分辨率光谱。为了改善这种情况，从而充分利用ALMA， APEX和IRAM30m等大型设施的能力，需要在100-500 GHz区域对瞬态，主要是耐火材料（C, Si，金属，…）承载分子进行专门的实验。微波和亚毫米波长区域的新发展利用强大的啁啾脉冲，现在可以在100 GHz左右进行高分辨率发射实验，完全适合满足上述光谱需求。我们的目标是在实验室中引入、改进和充分利用这种新方法的潜力，并通过建立一个新的实验装置，完全致力于光谱识别中小型（3-15个原子）的新分子物种，将其应用于与小反应分子相关的天体物理任务。此外，还计划在同一类物质上进行一项联合毫米红外（双光子）实验，通过振动激发分子的旋转光谱来研究它们。

Modern telescopes like the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) observatory in Chile, allow for a yet unprecedented view onto complex astronomical objects like late-type stars and their chemical environment. Dying stars eject huge parts of their mass into outer space in form of gas-phase species and dust, thus being the major driver of cosmic chemical renewal. New observational data have shown how little we know about the molecular inventory of these objects as it became apparent that the carriers of a substantial part of the emission lines cannot yet be identified. This is mainly due to the lack of laboratory data, i.e. specifically that of high resolution spectra in the submm range of small molecules. To improve the situation and thus fully exploit the capabilities of large facilities like ALMA, APEX, and IRAM30m, dedicated experiments in the 100-500 GHz region on transient, mostly refractory materials (C, Si, metals, …) bearing molecules, are required. New developments in the microwave and submm wavelength region utilizing powerful chirped pulses now enable high resolution emission experiments around 100 GHz that are perfectly suited to satisfy the above mentioned spectroscopic needs. It is our goal to introduce, improve and use the full potential of this new method in the laboratory and to apply it to astrophysical quests related to small reactive molecules by building up a new experimental setup fully dedicated to spectroscopically identify new molecular species of small to medium size (3-15 atoms). In addition, a combined Millimeter-infrared (two photon) experiment on the same class of species is planned to investigate vibrationally excited molecules via their rotational spectra.