Cartel damage - a comparative analysis with a particular focus on volume effects along the supply chain

卡特尔损害——比较分析，特别关注供应链上的数量效应

• 批准号: 418838334
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Franziska Weber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Rotterdam Institute of Law and Economics (RILE)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/418838334?language=en
• 关键词: Cartel; damage; comparative; analysis; particular

Cartel damage constitutes a particular challenge for private law enforcement. This is true for cartel damage as a whole but in particular for damage resulting from volume effects along a cartel’s supply chain. They constitute the damage that purchasers suffer in terms of lost profits due to a reduction in demand when they have to increase their own prices (due to the cartel overcharge). Regarding volume effects there is a clear research gap. They are often neglected in legal proceedings even though from an economic point of view such damage can be substantial. The main objective of the Cartel Damages Directive 2014/104/EU is the attainment of "full compensation". It, thereby, focuses on damage resulting from the overcharge paid. However, it neglects the dimension of loss of profit resulting from a volume effect whenever the overcharge was passed on making it sound as if this damage component could be claimed easily and also independently from other damage components. It remains very superficial when it comes to the need to coordinate proceedings that concern interlinked damage components (overcharge, pass-on, volume effect). Thereby, the Directive places the responsibility to implement an effective damages regime largely in the hands of the individual Member States. It provides them with a certain freedom as to such implementation. Hence, the laws in a number of promising European Member States shall be analysed to understand if they were capable of implementing an effective enforcement system that pays sufficient attention to volume effects.A comparative study on Dutch competition law, as it is suggested here, forms part of a broader research project (in the context of a Habilitation) that seeks to carry out a comparative legal analysis and on top an economic analysis to evaluate the different legal solutions. Aside of the Netherlands, Germany and Spain were selected as promising candidates.The entire project is highly timely and urgent to enhance the effectiveness of the rather recently implemented Cartel Damages Directive. There is a lot to improve when it comes to private enforcement of competition law – rather few experiences have been gathered in Europe in this regard. Interdisciplinary research has a clear added value, however, it is far from being the rule.

卡特尔损害对私法执法构成特别挑战。对于整个卡特尔损害来说是如此，但对于沿着卡特尔供应链的数量效应造成的损害来说尤其如此。它们构成了购买者在因需求减少而不得不提高自己的价格（由于卡特尔要价过高）时所遭受的利润损失方面的损害。关于体积效应，存在明显的研究空白。在法律的诉讼程序中，它们往往被忽视，尽管从经济角度来看，这种损害可能是巨大的。卡特尔损害赔偿指令2014/104/EU的主要目标是实现“全额赔偿”。因此，它侧重于因多付费用而造成的损害。然而，它忽略了每当超额收费被转嫁时因数量效应而造成的利润损失的方面，使它听起来好像这一损害部分可以很容易地索赔，而且也可以独立于其他损害部分。在需要协调涉及相互关联的损害组成部分（超额收费、转嫁、数量效应）的诉讼时，这一点仍然非常肤浅。因此，该指令将实施有效损害赔偿制度的责任主要交给了各个成员国。它为这些国家提供了执行这一规定的某种自由。因此，应分析一些有前途的欧洲成员国的法律，以了解它们是否能够实施一个充分注意数量效应的有效执法制度。是一个更广泛的研究项目的一部分（在障碍的情况下），旨在进行比较法律的分析，并在此基础上进行经济分析，以评估不同的法律的解决方案。除荷兰外，德国和西班牙也被选为有希望的候选国。在私人执行竞争法方面，有很多地方需要改进-欧洲在这方面的经验很少。跨学科研究具有明显的附加价值，但还远未成为规则。