Disentangling forest effects on grassland biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes

解开森林对农业景观中草原生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响

• 批准号: 420434427
• 负责人: Dr. Maria Kernecker, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Programmbereich 2: Landnutzung und Governance
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/420434427?language=en
• 关键词: Disentangling; forest; effects; grassland; biodiversity

Transition zones between different ecosystems have distinct abiotic gradients that shape patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) for the agricultural landscapes they are embedded in. Forest-grassland interfaces are common transition zones in European agricultural landscapes that evolved due to a history of land use change, agricultural intensification and fragmentation. Grasslands are European priority areas for conservation as they sustain a diverse number of endemic plant and animal species, both above and below ground, which contribute to supporting and provisioning ES. Grassland management effects on biodiversity-ES patterns are well studied, but the effect of landscape-scale factors are less clear. The proposed research project aims to understand the response of grassland plant and soil biotic communities to management and distance-from-forest. Grassland plant communities have cascading effects on soil biota, such that higher plant diversity has been linked to more larger and more complex earthworm and microbial communities, and enhanced ES. Extensive management has a positive effect on plant diversity, and therefore on soil biota and ES, but how management interacts with the distance from forest is not understood. The following hypotheses are tested: (1) Positive forest effects on grassland biodiversity and ES will decrease with distance to forest boundary; (2) Beta-diversity of plant and soil biotic communities along gradients in forest-grassland transition zones will differ between grazed and mown grassland fields; (3) More complex plant and soil biotic communities will lead to increased decomposition, nitrogen mineralization, and higher quality and quantity of forage; (4) Land users’ length of time of land use and grassland management will be related with their knowledge of species and their contribution to ES; (5) Past grassland management will affect differences of in-situ biodiversity and ES relationships. Plant, earthworm, and soil microbial communities will be examined in grassland fields in north-eastern Germany, along transects reaching from within the forest into each field. Soils will be analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, and mineralization. Decomposition will be assessed in the field with teabags. Plant cover will be harvested, dried, and weighed. Data on land users’ knowledge of past and present management and their perceptions of forest-grassland transition zones will be collected in interviews. Plant, earthworm, and microbial communities, and the ES they contribute to will be statistically modeled in relation to management and distance to forest. This project will show how patterns of biodiversity interact with ES across transition zones, which could contribute to a shift in the way agricultural landscapes are considered, and underscore the role of transition zones between forests and grasslands for both biodiversity conservation and ES.

不同生态系统之间的过渡带具有不同的非生物梯度，这些梯度塑造了它们所嵌入的农业景观的生物多样性和生态系统服务（ES）模式。森林-草地界面是欧洲农业景观中常见的过渡区，由于土地利用变化、农业集约化和破碎化的历史而演变。草原是欧洲优先保护的地区，因为它们维持着地上和地下各种各样的特有植物和动物物种，有助于支持和提供ES。 草地管理对生物多样性-ES格局的影响研究较多，但草地尺度因子的影响尚不清楚。拟议的研究项目旨在了解草原植物和土壤生物群落对管理和远离森林的反应。草原植物群落对土壤生物群具有级联效应，例如较高的植物多样性与更大和更复杂的微生物和微生物群落以及增强的ES相关联。粗放经营对植物多样性有积极影响，因此对土壤生物区系和ES有积极影响，但管理如何与森林的距离相互作用尚不清楚。 （1）森林对草地生物多样性和ES的正效应随距离森林边界的增加而减小：（2）在森林-草地过渡带，放牧草地和刈割草地的植物和土壤生物群落的β多样性沿梯度沿着不同;（3）植物群落和土壤生物群落越复杂，牧草的分解和氮矿化越多，牧草的质量和数量越高;（4）土地利用者的土地利用和草地管理时间的长短与其物种知识和对生态系统的贡献有关：（5）草地管理历史会影响原地生物多样性和生态系统关系的差异。植物，植物和土壤微生物群落将在草原领域在东北德国，沿着样带从森林内到达每个字段进行检查。将对土壤进行碳、氮和矿化分析。将在现场用茶袋评估分解情况。将收获植物覆盖物，干燥并称重。将在访谈中收集关于土地使用者对过去和现在管理的了解及其对森林-草原过渡区的看法的数据。植物，真菌和微生物群落，和ES，他们有助于将统计建模管理和距离森林。该项目将展示生物多样性模式如何与跨过渡区的生态系统相互作用，这可能有助于改变农业景观的考虑方式，并强调森林和草原之间的过渡区对生物多样性保护和生态系统的作用。