AvaRange: Particle Tracking in Snow Avalanches

AvaRange：雪崩中的粒子追踪

• 批准号: 421446512
• 负责人: Professor Dr.-Ing. Falko Dressler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Naturgefahren
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/421446512?language=en
• 关键词: AvaRange; Particle; Tracking; Snow; Avalanches

The destructive potential of gravitational mass flows, such as snow avalanches, has a large socio-economic impact in mountainous regions. Our current understanding of flow dynamics on a particle level is mostly based on laboratory experiments and computer simulations. Measurement techniques of snow avalanches usually involve either non-invasive externally observable characteristics or invasive flow-obstacle interactions. An appropriate non-invasive in-flow measurement method, that allows to assess the influence of snow and particle properties, such as temperature, density, size, or shape, on processes like segregation, phase separation, and eventually flow mobility, is missing.The project AvaRange aims at bridging this gap by making use of technical advances in the fields of inertial sensors and wireless ranging to examine the internal flow behavior of avalanches. Embedded systems with communication and sensing capabilities will be used for real-time measurements. Equipped with robust housings and placed in release areas, the sensors will be able to move with the avalanche. Inertial navigation provides information on the local motion of each sensor and radio ranging methods allow multiple sensor systems to communicate and track their distances over time. Together, these approaches are the basis to develop novel in-flow measurement methods for gravitational mass flows, which allow to track particle motion within an avalanche. Experimental feasibility studies and examinations of existing motion analysis algorithms show that state of the art solutions are not yet able to do so. The AvaRange system will be the first systematic approach to collect in-flow data with high precision in real-world avalanche scenarios.Overall, AvaRange has the potential for major breakthroughs in the understanding of internal dynamic processes and flow mobility of avalanches, which determine flow, stopping, and run-out behavior as well as impact pressures. Detailed information on particle trajectories will contribute to the development of avalanche flow models, which are an integral part of avalanche simulations and hazard mapping applications. The harsh experimental environments demand inexpensive, durable, yet highly accurate sensor combinations with robust radio transmission in snow. These sensors will also be of interest for all kinds of different gravitational mass flows beyond the scope of the project. The understanding of particle transport and the respective flow trajectories in avalanches is highly relevant, e.g., for skier burial location prediction or transport of debris material and their possible impact location. An increased understanding of granulation and segregation processes will further be beneficial to design of avalanche safety equipment.

重力物质流，如雪崩，具有破坏性，对山区的社会经济产生巨大影响。我们目前对颗粒水平上的流动动力学的理解主要基于实验室实验和计算机模拟。雪崩的测量技术通常涉及非侵入性的外部可观察的特性或侵入性的流动障碍物的相互作用。一种适当的非侵入式流入测量方法，可以评估雪和颗粒特性（如温度、密度、尺寸或形状）对分离、相分离等过程以及最终流动性的影响，AvaRange项目旨在通过利用惯性传感器和无线测距领域的技术进步来弥补这一差距，以检查雪崩具有通信和传感能力的嵌入式系统将用于实时测量。传感器配备坚固的外壳并放置在释放区域，能够随着雪崩移动。惯性导航提供每个传感器的局部运动信息，无线电测距方法允许多个传感器系统通信并随时间跟踪它们的距离。总之，这些方法是开发新的重力质量流的流入测量方法的基础，该方法允许跟踪雪崩内的粒子运动。现有运动分析算法的实验可行性研究和检查表明，最先进的解决方案还不能做到这一点。AvaRange系统将是第一个在真实雪崩场景中以高精度收集流入数据的系统方法。总体而言，AvaRange在理解雪崩的内部动态过程和流动性方面具有重大突破的潜力，这些过程和流动性决定了流动，停止和流出行为以及冲击压力。关于粒子轨迹的详细信息将有助于雪崩流模型的开发，雪崩流模型是雪崩模拟和危险绘图应用的一个组成部分。恶劣的实验环境需要廉价、耐用、高精度的传感器组合，并在雪地中进行稳健的无线电传输。这些传感器也将对项目范围之外的各种不同的引力质量流感兴趣。对粒子输运和雪崩中各自的流动轨迹的理解是高度相关的，例如，用于预测滑雪者的掩埋位置或碎片物质的运输及其可能的撞击位置。增加对颗粒化和分离过程的理解将进一步有利于雪崩安全设备的设计。