Württemberg and Montbéliard: Knowledge and Administration in the 18th Century

符腾堡和蒙贝利亚尔：18 世纪的知识与管理

• 批准号: 423426482
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Renate Dürr
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Seminar für Neuere Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/423426482?language=en
• 关键词: rttemberg; Montb; liard; Knowledge; Administration

For many years, historians have been interested in the early modern intensification of administrative action. While older studies chiefly concentrated on processes of the consolidation of government and the development of the modern state, more recently, the focus has shifted towards enquiries into scopes of action and processes of negotiation between centralised power and local actors. Choosing an approach firmly rooted in cultural history, newer studies explore the relationship between knowledge and power, as well as practices of the production and dissemination of knowledge. Taking its cue from this new approach to administrative history, and using the example of the Württembergian duchy of Montbéliard, this project interprets information-based government at a distance as a process of translation.In the case of Montbéliard, an extraterritorial dominion of the ducal family of Württemberg as well as a French-speaking enclave, this government at a distance relied to a particularly high degree on the written exchange of knowledge (in both directions) and on the translation of administrative matters, which extended to texts and other media. It is the main hypothesis of this project that government can be understood as a process of translation; in this case, a process of translation in terms of language, culture, and content. For this reason, this project will analyse linguistic translation as well as translation between different media. This objective demands a praxeological and microhistorical approach, since this is best suited to show how much government at a distance and ‘face to face society’ were really interconnected. The other main hypothesis is that a broad spectrum of actors were involved in administrative action, including not only court officials in Württemberg and in Montbéliard, but also merchants, friends and relatives, not least the wives of officials and professional administrators. The number and diversity of involved actors in turn led to a multiplication of translation processes. The third hypothesis is that processes of translation were not only one of the fundamental elements of exchange, but also the root of many misunderstandings and of the disappearance of knowledge, as well as a space that allowed multiple actors to become involved.

多年来，历史学家一直对近代早期行政行为的强化感兴趣。早期的研究主要集中在政府的巩固和现代国家的发展过程，而最近，重点已经转向调查中央权力和地方行为者之间的行动范围和谈判过程。新的研究选择了一种深深植根于文化历史的方法，探索知识与权力之间的关系，以及知识生产和传播的实践。本项目从这一新的行政史研究方法中得到启示，并以符腾堡蒙贝利亚尔公国为例，将信息化政府从远处解释为一个翻译过程。蒙贝利亚尔是符腾堡公国家族的治外自治领，也是一个讲法语的飞地，这一远距离政府在很大程度上依赖于书面知识交流（双向）和行政事务翻译，这涉及文本和其他媒体。这个项目的主要假设是，政府可以被理解为一个翻译的过程;在这种情况下，一个在语言，文化和内容方面的翻译过程。因此，本项目将分析语言翻译以及不同媒体之间的翻译。这一目标需要一个行为学和微观历史的方法，因为这是最适合于显示多少政府在距离和“面对面的社会”是真正相互关联的。另一个主要假设是，行政行动涉及的行为者范围很广，不仅包括符腾堡和蒙贝利亚尔的法院官员，而且包括商人、朋友和亲戚，尤其是官员和专业行政人员的妻子。参与者的数量和多样性反过来又导致翻译过程的倍增。第三个假设是，翻译过程不仅是交流的基本要素之一，而且是许多误解和知识消失的根源，也是一个允许多个行为者参与的空间。