Transformation of violence-centered masculinities after armed conflicts

武装冲突中以暴力为中心的男子气概的出现和动态已经得到了广泛的研究。相比之下，关于冲突后和平建设对其转变和暂停的研究仍处于起步阶段。只要以暴力为中心的男子气概明显危及战后社会的稳定，这就不是没有问题的。此外，它们往往与家庭暴力的增加有关。因此，拟议的项目旨在解决建设和平的关键手段——前战斗人员的解除武装、复员和重返社会、安全部门改革和过渡司法措施——是否以及如何有助于转变和最终停止以暴力为中心的男子气概。基于性别研究和实践理论，我们认为以暴力为中心的男性气质的建构可以通过两个不同社会层面的话语和社会实践来识别和调查。因此，我们区分了(a)宏观层面的军事化男子气概和(b)中观层面的军事男子气概。具体来说，我们想使用探索性研究设计来分析在利比里亚、塞拉利昂和乌干达，DDR、SSR和TJM是否以及如何在这两个层面上解决和改变以暴力为中心的男性气质。我们之所以选择这三个国家，是因为已经有初步证据表明：(1)我们所关注的三种和平建设工具得到了部署，(2)它们为冲突后稳定社会的出现做出了贡献，(3)以暴力为中心的男性气质在不同层面上或多或少得到了成功的转变。我们研究项目的主要目标是通过在多维进程研究的框架内重建和分析选定的建设和平进程，促进以暴力为中心的男子气概转变领域的理论发展。

The emergence and dynamics of violence-centered masculinities in armed conflicts has been extensively studied. By contrast, research into its transformation und suspension by post-conflict peace building is still in its infancy. This is not unproblematic insofar as violence-centered masculinities demonstrably endanger the stability of post-war societies. In addition, they are often associated with an increase in domestic violence. Therefore, the proposed project seeks to address the question of whether and how key instruments of peacebuilding – the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants (DDR), security sector reforms (SSR) and transitional justice measures (TJM) – contribute to the transformation and eventually suspension of violence-centered masculinities. Based on gender research and practice theory, we assume that constructions of violence-centered masculinities can be identified and investigated through discursive and social practices at two different social levels. Accordingly, we distinguish (a) militarized masculinities at the macro level, and (b) military masculinities at the meso level. Specifically, we want to use an exploratory research design to analyze whether and how DDR, SSR and TJM address and change violence-centered masculinities on these two levels in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Uganda. We selected these three countries because there is already prima facie evidence (1) that the three instruments of peace-building we are focusing on were deployed, (2) that they contributed to the emergence of stable post-conflict societies, and (3) that violence-centered masculinities have been transformed more or less successfully at different levels. The main objective of our research project is to contribute to theory development in the field of the transformation of violence-centered masculinities by reconstructing and analyzing selected peacebuilding processes within the framework of multidimensional process studies.