Assessing risk for firearm injury and attitudes about new gun violence prevention laws in Michigan to enhance policy implementation

评估密歇根州枪伤风险和对新枪支暴力预防法的态度，以加强政策实施

• 批准号: 10811214
• 负责人: BRIAN M HICKS
• 金额: $ 51.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-20 至 2025-09-19
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10811214
• 关键词: 15 year old; Acceleration; Adult; Age; Attitude; Authorization documentation; Award; Awareness; Behavior; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Classification; Cluster Analysis; Collaborations; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Education and Outreach; Effectiveness; Empirical Research; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Event; Exhibits; Exposure to; Factor Analysis; Firearms; Foundations; Funding; General Practices; Genetic; Gun injury; Guns; Health system; Individual; Institution; Intervention; K-18 conjugate; Laws; Learning; Left; Legal; Machine Learning; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mentors; Mentorship; Methodology; Michigan; Ownership; Personality; Persons; Police; Policies; Policy Analysis; Politics; Prevention; Prevention Research; Prevention strategy; Probability Samples; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sampling; Screening procedure; Secure; Series; Social Network; State Government; Statistical Methods; Statutes and Laws; Students; Subgroup; Suicide; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; United States; Universities; Victimization; antisocial behavior; authority; black men; career; collaborative environment; court; experience; gun homicide; gun violence; high risk; high risk population; high school; implementation barriers; injury prevention; intimate partner violence; machine learning algorithm; mass shooting; men; mortality; outreach; person centered; practice factors; prevention practice; preventive intervention; psychologic; rural area; skills; substance use; suicidal; urban area; violence prevention; willingness

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT I am an established investigator in substance use research requesting 2-years of support to expand my research into firearm injury and mortality prevention. In my research, I have used a developmental psychopathology approach to examine the interplay of genetic, environmental, and developmental influences on substance use, antisocial behavior, and personality. As a result, I have acquired substantial expertise in psychological measurement and longitudinal data analyses. I hope to expand my research into firearm injury prevention with an emphasis on survey research, and seek to gain new skills in survey methods, epidemiology, statistical methods for prediction (e.g., machine learning), and policy evaluation. The University of Michigan provides an exceptional environment to make this transition, most notably the Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, which provides a unique interdisciplinary environment for training and research. I propose a series of short courses, mentored experiences, and research collaborations to gain these skills and establish a line of firearm injury prevention research. Following highly publicized mass shooting the Michigan legislature recently passed new gun violence prevention (GVP) laws including expanded background checks, secure storage requirements, and extreme risk protection order or “red flag” law. Given the timing of the passage of the GVP laws, the research plan will focus on obtaining information about (1) risk for firearm violence and suicide to identify people for whom GVP practices are most needed and (2) attitudes about the new GVP laws and GVP practices generally to identify opportunities and barriers to implementation. To this end, I have collected several national online surveys (N~5000) that include information detailed information about thoughts and behaviors of firearm violence and suicide, as well as risk factors including various of firearm ownership suicidality, mental health, substance use, antisocial behavior, and intimate partner violence. We will use machine learning techniques to characterize risk factors and person-centered approaches to identify gun owners at high-risk for firearm violence and suicide. These risk analyses will then be refined to better assess classification accuracy and construct screening tools by conducting new surveys oversampling from groups with high rates of firearm victimization and suicide as well as assess attitudes about GVP laws and practices. Lastly, we will ascertain a sample representative of Michigan residents to assess awareness of and support for new GVP laws, willingness to implement GVP practices in general, risk for firearm violence and suicide, gun ownership, and other correlates of attitudes about GVP polices, and test whether exposure to different GVP prevention messages is associated with changes in attitudes about GVP practices. We hypothesize there will be substantial overlap between correlates of GVP attitudes and risk factors for firearm violence and suicide. This research will provide information to help implement GVP laws and practices, e.g., through public awareness campaigns and tailored outreach to high-risk groups, and the support of this award will help me to establish a sustainable line of firearm injury and mortality prevention research.

项目摘要/摘要 我是一名既定的药物使用研究研究者，要求2年的支持以扩大我的研究 进入枪支受伤和预防死亡率。在我的研究中，我使用了发展性心理病理学 检验遗传，环境和发育对物质使用的影响的相互作用的方法， 反社会行为和个性。结果，我获得了心理方面的大量专业知识 测量和纵向数据分析。我希望通过 强调调查研究，并寻求在调查方法，流行病学，统计学方面获得新技能 预测方法（例如机器学习）和策略评估。密歇根大学提供 进行这种过渡的特殊环境，最著名的是预防枪支伤害研究所 为培训和研究提供了独特的跨学科环境。我建议一系列短课程， 指导的经验和研究合作，以获得这些技能并建立一系列枪支伤害 预防研究。密歇根州立法机关最近通过了新的大规模枪击事件。 枪支暴力预防（GVP）法律，包括扩大背景调查，安全存储要求和 极端风险保护令或“危险信号”法。鉴于GVP法律通过的时机，研究 计划将重点介绍（1）有关枪支暴力和自杀风险的信息，以确定对谁的人 最需要GVP实践，（2）参加了新的GVP法律和GVP惯例 确定实施的机会和障碍。为此，我收集了几项国家在线调查 （n〜5000）包括有关枪支暴力的思想和行为的信息详细信息 自杀以及风险因素，包括各种枪支所有权自杀，心理健康，药物使用， 反社会行为和亲密伴侣暴力。我们将使用机器学习技术来表征风险 以人为中心的因素和以人为本的方法来识别枪支暴力和自杀的高风险。 然后，这些风险分析将进行完善，以更好地评估分类准确性并构建筛选工具 通过对枪支胜利和自杀率高的团体进行新的调查过采样 随着评估的参与，有关GVP法律和惯例。最后，我们将确定代表密歇根州的样本 评估对新GVP法律的认识和支持的居民，愿意实施GVP实践 一般，枪支暴力和自杀，拥有枪支的风险以及与参与者有关GVP政策的其他相关性， 并测试暴露于不同的GVP预防消息是否与参加的更改有关 GVP实践。我们假设GVP吸引力与风险之间的相关性之间将存在实质性的重叠 枪支暴力和自杀的因素。这项研究将提供信息以帮助实施GVP法律和 练习，例如，通过公众意识运动和对高风险团体的量身定制的宣传以及支持 该奖项将有助于我建立可持续的枪支伤害和预防死亡率研究。