Assessing risk for firearm injury and attitudes about new gun violence prevention laws in Michigan to enhance policy implementation

评估密歇根州枪伤风险和对新枪支暴力预防法的态度，以加强政策实施

• 批准号: 10811214
• 负责人: BRIAN M HICKS
• 金额: $ 51.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-20 至 2025-09-19
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10811214
• 关键词: 15 year old; Acceleration; Adult; Age; Attitude; Authorization documentation; Award; Awareness; Behavior; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Classification; Cluster Analysis; Collaborations; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Education and Outreach; Effectiveness; Empirical Research; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Event; Exhibits; Exposure to; Factor Analysis; Firearms; Foundations; Funding; General Practices; Genetic; Gun injury; Guns; Health system; Individual; Institution; Intervention; K-18 conjugate; Laws; Learning; Left; Legal; Machine Learning; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mentors; Mentorship; Methodology; Michigan; Ownership; Personality; Persons; Police; Policies; Policy Analysis; Politics; Prevention; Prevention Research; Prevention strategy; Probability Samples; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sampling; Screening procedure; Secure; Series; Social Network; State Government; Statistical Methods; Statutes and Laws; Students; Subgroup; Suicide; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; United States; Universities; Victimization; antisocial behavior; authority; black men; career; collaborative environment; court; experience; gun homicide; gun violence; high risk; high risk population; high school; implementation barriers; injury prevention; intimate partner violence; machine learning algorithm; mass shooting; men; mortality; outreach; person centered; practice factors; prevention practice; preventive intervention; psychologic; rural area; skills; substance use; suicidal; urban area; violence prevention; willingness

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT I am an established investigator in substance use research requesting 2-years of support to expand my research into firearm injury and mortality prevention. In my research, I have used a developmental psychopathology approach to examine the interplay of genetic, environmental, and developmental influences on substance use, antisocial behavior, and personality. As a result, I have acquired substantial expertise in psychological measurement and longitudinal data analyses. I hope to expand my research into firearm injury prevention with an emphasis on survey research, and seek to gain new skills in survey methods, epidemiology, statistical methods for prediction (e.g., machine learning), and policy evaluation. The University of Michigan provides an exceptional environment to make this transition, most notably the Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, which provides a unique interdisciplinary environment for training and research. I propose a series of short courses, mentored experiences, and research collaborations to gain these skills and establish a line of firearm injury prevention research. Following highly publicized mass shooting the Michigan legislature recently passed new gun violence prevention (GVP) laws including expanded background checks, secure storage requirements, and extreme risk protection order or “red flag” law. Given the timing of the passage of the GVP laws, the research plan will focus on obtaining information about (1) risk for firearm violence and suicide to identify people for whom GVP practices are most needed and (2) attitudes about the new GVP laws and GVP practices generally to identify opportunities and barriers to implementation. To this end, I have collected several national online surveys (N~5000) that include information detailed information about thoughts and behaviors of firearm violence and suicide, as well as risk factors including various of firearm ownership suicidality, mental health, substance use, antisocial behavior, and intimate partner violence. We will use machine learning techniques to characterize risk factors and person-centered approaches to identify gun owners at high-risk for firearm violence and suicide. These risk analyses will then be refined to better assess classification accuracy and construct screening tools by conducting new surveys oversampling from groups with high rates of firearm victimization and suicide as well as assess attitudes about GVP laws and practices. Lastly, we will ascertain a sample representative of Michigan residents to assess awareness of and support for new GVP laws, willingness to implement GVP practices in general, risk for firearm violence and suicide, gun ownership, and other correlates of attitudes about GVP polices, and test whether exposure to different GVP prevention messages is associated with changes in attitudes about GVP practices. We hypothesize there will be substantial overlap between correlates of GVP attitudes and risk factors for firearm violence and suicide. This research will provide information to help implement GVP laws and practices, e.g., through public awareness campaigns and tailored outreach to high-risk groups, and the support of this award will help me to establish a sustainable line of firearm injury and mortality prevention research.

项目总结/摘要 我是一名物质使用研究的既定调查员，要求2年的支持，以扩大我的研究 枪支伤害和死亡预防。在我的研究中，我使用了发展心理病理学 研究遗传、环境和发育对物质使用的影响的相互作用的方法， 反社会行为和性格因此，我获得了心理学方面的专业知识， 测量和纵向数据分析。我希望扩大我的研究到火器伤害预防与 强调调查研究，并寻求获得调查方法，流行病学，统计学 用于预测的方法（例如，机器学习）和政策评估。密歇根大学提供了一个 特殊的环境，使这一过渡，最值得注意的是研究所火器伤害预防， 为培训和研究提供了独特的跨学科环境。我建议开设一系列短期课程， 指导的经验，研究合作，以获得这些技能，并建立一个枪支伤害线 预防研究。在大肆宣传大规模枪击事件后，密歇根州立法机构最近通过了新的 枪支暴力预防（GVP）法律，包括扩大背景调查，安全存储要求， 极端风险保护令或“红旗”法。鉴于GVP法律通过的时间，研究 该计划将侧重于获取有关（1）枪支暴力和自杀风险的信息，以确定 最需要的GVP实践和（2）对新的GVP法律和GVP实践的态度， 查明执行的机会和障碍。为此，我收集了几个全国性的网络调查 （N~5000）包括有关枪支暴力的思想和行为的详细信息， 自杀，以及各种危险因素，包括枪支所有权自杀，心理健康，物质使用， 反社会行为和亲密伴侣暴力我们将使用机器学习技术来描述风险 因素和以人为本的方法，以确定枪支暴力和自杀高风险的枪支拥有者。 这些风险分析将进一步完善，以更好地评估分类准确性和构建筛选工具 通过对枪支受害率和自杀率高的群体进行新的调查， 评估对GVP法律和实践的态度。最后，我们将确定密歇根州的样本代表 居民评估对新的GVP法律的认识和支持， 一般来说，枪支暴力和自杀的风险，枪支所有权，以及对GVP政策态度的其他相关因素， 并测试是否暴露于不同的GVP预防信息与态度的变化有关， GVP实践。我们假设GVP态度和风险之间的相关性有很大的重叠 枪支暴力和自杀的因素。这项研究将提供信息，以帮助执行全球价值观法律， 实践，例如，通过公共宣传运动和针对高危群体的有针对性的外联活动， 这个奖项将帮助我建立一个可持续的枪支伤害和死亡预防研究的路线。