Slice Up - The Thin Slices Technique: Application to classroom instruction and analysis of judgement processes

拟议项目的目标是审查一种高度经济的测量方法对教学质量变量分析的适用性--这种方法在教学研究中尚未得到太多使用。薄片技术(TST)是在人格研究中发展起来的一种方法，在这种方法中，评委根据非常短的视频片段(最多五分钟)来评估其他人。TST在不同领域的应用表明，尽管法官只能获得非常有限的信息，因此只能形成第一印象，但仍有可能以可靠的方式评估各种人或交互变量。在不同的领域(如社会心理学、心理治疗、组织研究、体育)，这些快速判断显示出高度的可靠性和实用性，例如通过预测未来的事件或行为。到目前为止，TST几乎还没有被用于教育领域。这是令人惊讶的事实，特别是在教学研究中，对客观但同时又经济的方法在课堂上分析教学过程有很高的要求。计划进行几项研究来检验以下相关的研究问题：(1)TST能否用于评估那些与学习相关的教学过程，以及从TST获得的评分有多准确？(2)TST的判断基于哪些认知过程，哪些因素影响评分？研究计划包括对现有视频研究的重新分析，实验和准实验研究，以及荟萃分析。如果TST在课堂教学分析中的应用成功，这种方法将有助于开展视频研究中常见的大样本教学变量的效果研究，并可以在教师评估或专业发展课程中找到实际应用。

The goal of the proposed project is to examine the applicability of a highly economical measurement approach – which has not yet been much used in instructional research – to the analysis of instructional quality variables. The thin slices technique (TST) is a method developed in personality research in which judges evaluate other persons on the basis of very short video clips (maximum five minutes). The application of the TST in diverse domains shows that it is possible to assess various person or interaction variables in a reliable manner although the judges have access to only very limited information and thus, only a first impression can be formed. Across various domains (e.g., social psychology, psychotherapy, organizational research, sports) these fast judgements show high reliability and practical relevance, for instance by predicting future events or behaviors. To date, the TST has hardly been used in educational contexts. This is surprising given the fact that especially in instructional research there is a high demand for objective, but at the same time economical methods to analyze instructional processes in the classroom. Several studies are planned to examine the following related research questions: (1) Can the TST be applied to assess those instructional processes that are relevant for learning and how accurate are the ratings gained from TST? (2) On which cognitive processes are the TST judgements based and which factors influence the ratings? The research program includes re-analyses from existing video studies, experimental and quasi-experimental studies, and a meta-analysis. If the application of the TST to the analysis of classroom instruction succeeds, this method could help to carry out research on the effects of instructional variables with larger samples as hitherto common in video studies and could also find practical use for example in evaluations or professional development courses for teachers.