Does the origin of Helicoverpa punctigera populations explain their susceptibility to agricultural insecticides?

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By establishing the geographic origin, and migration pattens of H. punctigera populations (by gene-flow), and directly relating it to the occurrence and persistence of insecticide resistance in Australia (by describing the movement of insects with known insecticide susceptible/resistant status), this research will greatly advance our understanding of how insecticide resistance develops and how it spreads. This knowledge will enable the agricultural industry to use insecticides so as to reduce the frequency of insecticide spray failures, and reduce crop losses caused by insecticide resistant pest outbreaks.