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Principle-oriented harmonisation of transactions avoidance law

以原则为导向的交易规避法协调

基本信息

批准号：
426705872
负责人：
Professor Dr. Reinhard Bork
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Zivilrecht, Zivilprozess- und Allgemeines Prozessrecht
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/426705872?language=en
关键词：
Principle oriented harmonisation transactions avoidance

项目摘要

The aim of the present project is the development of a harmonised transactions avoidance law in the EU. If, and under which conditions, transactions which took place before the opening of insolvency proceedings ought to be challengeable on the grounds of disadvantage to the creditors is a question which is answered on different grounds in different Member State jurisdictions. Therefore, there is wide agreement that the harmonisation of transactions avoidance laws would resolve a major obstacle in the functioning of the single market and is, accordingly, desirable. This task will be approached through the present project. However, this shall not occur in the typical manner, whereby national legislatures are considered and the respective best solutions to detailed problems are brought together to form a statutory proposal. Rather, proposals shall be made on a principle-oriented basis whereby “principles” are to be understood as basic values. There are grounds to believe that such principles can be determined in the case of transactions avoidance law and that they can be used to assess existing regulations as well as to develop optimal regulations de lege ferenda, thereby applying a principle-oriented approach to harmonisation. With respect to national insolvency laws in general, and specifically transactions avoidance laws, such principles, however, have yet to be determined. Addressing this task is the main objective of this project. This project shall, in practice, be completed in three steps. In the first step, the basic principles shall be determined, not only for the German legal system, but rather by way of cross-border ground-breaking research aiming to encompass, if possible, all national insolvency regulations within the EU. This shall be achieved by a working-group, made up of recognised experts on transactions avoidance law from all EU Member States, who will evaluate the national insolvency laws, and materials including case law and literature. The presumption stands, but is to be examined, that such principles can be determined (for example, the principle of equal treatment of creditors and that of the optimal realisation of the debtor’s assets on the one hand, and the protection of trust on the other) and that the national transactions avoidance laws, despite all deviation in the details, are founded in the same principles. In the second step, it shall be attempted to determine the points which, on a principle-oriented analysis, are to be regulated in a harmonised transactions avoidance law to best satisfy and balance the involved interests (namely, entirely irrespective of whether these are prescribed in a national jurisdiction or not). In a third step, this shall form the basis for the development of a proposal for an EU-wide regulatory framework which is capable of generating overall agreement.

本项目的目的是在欧盟制定统一的交易回避法。对于是否以及在何种条件下可以以不利于债权人为由对破产程序开启前进行的交易提出质疑，这是一个在不同成员国法域中根据不同理由作出回答的问题。因此，人们普遍认为，统一交易回避法将解决单一市场运作的一个主要障碍，因此是可取的。将通过本项目来完成这项任务。然而，这不应以典型的方式发生，即考虑国家立法机构，并将详细问题的各自最佳解决方案汇集在一起，形成一个法定提案。相反，应在面向原则的基础上提出建议，将"原则"理解为基本价值。有理由相信，可以在交易撤销法的情况下确定这些原则，并可将其用于评估现行条例以及制定最佳的拟议条例，从而对协调统一采取以原则为导向的办法。然而，就一般的国家破产法而言，特别是就撤销交易的法律而言，这些原则尚待确定。完成这项任务是本项目的主要目标。这一项目实际上应分三个步骤完成。第一步，应确定基本原则，不仅针对德国的法律的体系，而且通过跨境突破性研究，旨在（如果可能的话）涵盖欧盟内的所有国家破产法规。这将由一个工作组来实现，该工作组由所有欧盟成员国公认的交易回避法专家组成，他们将评估国家破产法以及包括判例法和文献在内的材料。这一推定成立，但需要加以审查，即这些原则是可以确定的（例如，一方面是平等对待债权人的原则和债务人资产的最佳变现原则，另一方面是保护信任的原则），而且尽管在细节上有各种偏差，但各国的交易撤销法都是以同样的原则为基础的。在第二步中，应试图通过面向原则的分析确定哪些要点应在统一的交易撤销法中加以规范，以便最好地满足和平衡所涉利益（即，完全不管国家管辖区是否规定了这些要点）。在第三步中，这将构成制定欧盟范围监管框架提案的基础，该框架能够产生总体协议。