Early childhood allergy prevention: awareness, information-seeking behavior, and information needs among different parent groups

准父母和新父母为子女搜寻健康资料的原因各不相同，例如查阅有关体格检查的资料，或探讨家族倾向和各自患上某种疾病的风险。健康素养的各个方面以及寻找、应用和反思信息的相关能力以及信息的可得性和质量可能会产生相当大的影响。最近的研究强调了关于这种影响的两个主要方面：首先，父母需要足够的HL，至少要从低质量的信息中过滤高质量的信息。其次，关于信息行为和偏好的证据对于加强以用户为中心的可用服务观点至关重要。然而，对父母的需求和偏好的了解很少。此外，研究还表明，信息寻求的不同阶段和个体背景环境对实际信息寻求行为和动机有影响。本工作包（WP）的目的是探讨1)父母对儿童早期过敏预防（ECAP）的特定信息的意识、知识和相关性，以及对不断变化的建议的处理；2)需求和偏好；3)实际的信息行为；4)HL对信息和预防行为的影响；5)社会文化背景对ECAP实践的潜在影响，所有这些都分别在不同的父母群体中(风险特异性；life-stage-specific)。这些问题将通过四个地点（汉诺威、德累斯顿、弗赖堡、雷根斯堡）的家长焦点小组进行探讨。根据调查结果，我们的目标是针对家长的需求开发一套信息材料，并指定沟通渠道，向家长群体传递核心信息。第一个项目年的任务是准备16个焦点小组，特别是焦点小组方法（手册、戏剧）、招募材料、选择参与者和测试材料。随后（第一年和第二年），将进行焦点小组讨论，并准备成绩单以供分析。在第三年，处理后的数据将根据研究问题通过既定的定性和定量方法进行分析。此外，还有四个焦点小组用于探讨参与者如何看待WP4中评估的数字健康信息。根据结果，我们将开发并同意不同家长群体的沟通渠道和核心信息。该工作计划的规划和实施是与其他工作计划密切合作并以其初步结果为基础的。我们正在就目标群体的观点与“世界卫生计划第三期”卫生专业人员密切合作，并就针对过敏症的健康知识的概念与“世界卫生计划第六期”建模密切合作。除了关注儿童早期过敏预防外，该子项目还调查了COVID-19大流行对幼儿父母的影响和挑战。特别是，它涉及信息行为，处理虚假信息，以及在处理COVID-19具体预防和安全建议时，在信任和挑战等各种因素的影响下权衡自己的决定。将分两个阶段（2020年夏季；2021年冬季）对约30名家长进行电话访谈，评估结果与上述程序类似。

Expecting and new parents search for health information for their child for different reasons, e.g. in order to find information on medical examinations, or explore familial predispositions and respective risks for a certain disease. Aspects of health literacy (HL) and the related ability to seek, apply and reflect on information and the availability and quality of information may have a considerable impact. Recent research highlights two main aspects regarding this influence: First, parents need sufficient HL, not at least to filter high-quality from low-quality information. Second, evidence about information behaviours and preferences are crucial to strengthen the user-centered perspective of available services. However, insights into the needs and preferences of parents are scarce. Also, it is suggested that HL and different phases for information-seeking and individual backgrounds and circumstances influence actual information-seeking behaviour and motivations. The objectives of this work package (WP) are to explore 1) parental awareness, knowledge about and relevance of information specific to early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) and handling of changing recommendations, 2) needs and preferences, 3) actual information behaviour, 4) influences on information- and prevention behaviour due to HL, and 5) potential influences on ECAP practices due to socio-cultural backgrounds, all respectively in different parent groups (risk-specific, life-stage-specific). These issues will be explored via focus groups with parents conducted at four sites (Hannover, Dresden, Freiburg, Regensburg). Based on the results we aim to 6) develop a set of information materials specific to parents’ needs and specify communication channels to deliver core messages for parent groups. The first project year serves to prepare the 16 focus groups, particularly the focus group method (manual, dramaturgy), recruiting materials, selecting participants, and testing the materials. Subsequently (year 1 and 2), focus groups will be conducted and the transcripts will be prepared for analysis. In year three, the processed data will be analysed by established qualitative and quantitative methods according to the research questions. Also, four more focus groups serve to explore how participants perceive digital health information evaluated in WP4. Based on the results, we will develop and consent communication channels and core messages for different parent groups. The planning and implementation of this WP is done in close cooperation with and based on the preliminary results of other WPs. We are working closely with "WP3 Health Professionals" regarding the target group perspectives, as well as with "WP6 Modelling" regarding the concept of allergy-specific health literacy.In addition to the focus of early childhood allergy prevention, this sub-project also investigates the effects and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic for parents with young children. In particular, it addresses information behaviour, dealing with disinformation, and the weighing of one's own decisions under the influence of various factors such as trust and challenges in handling COVID-19 specific prevention and safety recommendations. Approximately 30 parents each will be interviewed in two phases (summer 2020; winter 2021) via individual telephone interviews, the results will be evaluated similarly to the above-mentioned procedure.