Parallax in Electric Field Imagery

这个项目涉及视差的概念从几何光学领域的电场定位和检查的对象在流体中的转移。作为本项目生物模型的弱电鱼，在特化肌肉细胞的帮助下，在尾部区域形成类似偶极子的电场。电场被皮肤表面的特殊感觉细胞（mormyromasts）感知。环境中的物体会导致场失真，其在皮肤表面上的电图像允许鱼定位物体，区分材料属性并区分有生命的物体和无生命的物体。“电视”的能力使它们即使在完全黑暗或不透明的水中也能表现出复杂的行为。最近的研究表明，弱电鱼主要利用基于电感觉的视差来区分远近物体，即使是不同大小的物体。在这里，他们的自我运动，其特点是向前和向后的游泳运动，以及主动运动的雪纳乌zenorgan和尾巴的意义上的控制影响的局部领域的过程中的自我发射场似乎发挥了作用。在生物学方面，本项目研究了身体部位位置的主动变化对真实世界实验中产生的电场的影响。与此同时，将开发一个理论框架，该框架在已知电场理论的基础上描述如何通过引入有源单极子和无源场影响元件来具体地产生局部场变化。被动场影响元件及其控制将与来自生物实例的对应物进行比较，此外还考虑理论和模拟因素。在目标局部场影响的基础上，视差的概念从几何光学转移到电场领域。在光学中，视差需要成像系统（透镜）。这些成像特性通过局部场变化在电场侧实现，因为这些变化影响待定位对象的场失真效应如何在传感器方阵上表达。该项目使用模拟和真实的实验室设置到2D传感器布置。与此同时，两个物种的自由移动，弱电鱼的行为将进行实证研究，以了解鱼是否使用某些运动模式，以优化电视差效应，从而支持其自然行为库中的深度感知。

This project deals with the transfer of the concept of parallax from geometrical optics to the domain of electric fields for the localization and inspection of objects in fluids. Weakly electric fish, which serve as biological models in this project, form dipole-like electric fields in the tail region with the help of specialized muscle cells. The electric field is perceived with specialized sensory cells (mormyromasts) in the skin surface. Objects in the environment lead to field distortions, whose electrical images on the skin surface allow the fish to locate the objects, differentiate material properties and distinguish animate from inanimate objects. The ability to "see electrically" allows them to display complex behaviors even in total darkness or in opaque water. Recent studies show that weakly electric fish principally use parallax based on their electrical sense to distinguish distant from near objects even at different sizes. Here both their ego-motion, characterized by forward and backward swimming movements as well as the active movement of the Schnauzenorgan and tail in the sense of a controlled influence of the local field course of the self-emitting field seems to play a role. On the biological side, this project investigates the influence of active changes in body part positions on the generated electric field in real-world experiments. At the same time, a theoretical framework will be developed which describes, on the basis of the known electric field theory, how local field changes can be specifically generated by introducing active monopoles and passive field influencing elements. The passive field influencing elements and their control will be compared with the corresponding counterparts from the biological example in addition to theoretical and simulative considerations. On the basis of the targeted local field influence, the concept of parallax is then transferred from geometrical optics to the domain of electric fields. In optics, parallax requires an imaging system (lenses). These imaging properties are achieved on the electrical field side by local field changes, since these changes influence how the field-distorting effects of objects to be localized are expressed on a sensor phalanx. The project uses simulation and real laboratory set-ups up to 2D sensor arrangements. At the same time, the behaviour of free-moving, weakly electric fish of two species will be empirically investigated to understand whether the fish use certain movement patterns to optimize the electrical parallax effect and thus support depth perception within their natural behavioural repertoire.