The Development of Pig Husbandry and Taboo in the Southern Levantine Classical Period: An Integrated Zooarchaeological, Isotopic, and Genetics Approach

南黎凡特古典时期养猪业的发展和禁忌：综合动物考古学、同位素和遗传学方法

• 批准号: 427940018
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Max Price, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/427940018?language=en
• 关键词: Development; Pig; Husbandry; Taboo; Southern

The goal of this project is to examine pig husbandry in the Classical period (c.333 BC- AD 636) in the Levant (modern-day Israel, Palestine, and Jordan). The Classical period was a millennium defined by Greco-Roman imperialism, culture contact, environmental change, and the increased polarization of pig husbandry and consumption among Jewish and non-Jewish populations. This had the effect of galvanizing sentiments surrounding the pig taboo. The Levant was a culturally heterogeneous region, where Greek/Roman colonists and soldiers mixed with members of various local populations, including Jews who observed the Biblical taboos on pork and those who were more willing to adopt elements of the dominant Greco-Roman culture. While previous research has documented an increase in pig consumption at many sites during this time, it remains unclear how pigs were raised and what strategies pig breeders deployed in livestock production. We will use light stable isotopic analysis, biometric analysis, age-at-death analysis, and aDNA analysis of pathogens trapped in dental calculus to examine the spatial and temporal variability in pig husbandry practices. Applying these methods to various archaeological sites located in Israel, we will test hypotheses relating to different management practices among different ethnic groups, including Greek/Roman colonists and soldiers, "Hellenized" Jews, and non-Jewish Levantine populations. Because pig husbandry can take on many different forms, it provides a unique window into human-environmental interaction and cultural processes. The issues we will examine in our research articulate with fundamental questions in the humanities and social sciences, such as those pertaining to the development of world religions, ethnicity in imperial contexts, and the ecological conditions under which different types of agricultural practice take place.

这个项目的目标是研究古典时期（公元前333年-公元636年）在黎凡特（现代以色列，巴勒斯坦和约旦）的养猪业。古典时期是一个由希腊罗马帝国主义、文化接触、环境变化以及犹太人和非犹太人之间养猪和消费两极分化的千年。这件事激起了人们对猪的禁忌的情绪。黎凡特是一个文化多样的地区，希腊/罗马殖民者和士兵与当地各种人口的成员混合在一起，包括遵守《圣经》关于猪肉禁忌的犹太人和那些更愿意接受占主导地位的希腊罗马文化元素的人。虽然之前的研究已经记录了这段时间许多地点的生猪消费量增加，但目前尚不清楚生猪是如何饲养的以及生猪饲养者在畜牧生产中采取了哪些策略。我们将使用光稳定同位素分析，生物统计学分析，死亡年龄分析，和aDNA分析的病原体被困在牙石检查的空间和时间的变化，在养猪业的做法。将这些方法应用于位于以色列的各种考古遗址，我们将测试与不同民族之间的不同管理实践有关的假设，包括希腊/罗马殖民者和士兵，“希腊化”犹太人和非犹太黎凡特人口。由于养猪业可以采取许多不同的形式，它提供了一个独特的窗口，了解人类与环境的相互作用和文化进程。我们将在研究中研究的问题与人文和社会科学中的基本问题相结合，例如与世界宗教的发展，帝国背景下的种族以及不同类型的农业实践发生的生态条件有关的问题。