The role of red foxes in promoting functional connectivity of the Toronto ravine system through the urban matrix.
红狐在通过城市矩阵促进多伦多峡谷系统功能连通方面的作用。
基本信息
- 批准号:428765259
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Fellowships
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been studied primarily for epidemiological reasons, however, they have an important role as seed dispersers. Seeds ingested by foxes include a vast number of plant species that may be carried for long distances, beyond the limits of other terrestrial mammals, and most importantly, across disturbed areas. The Toronto ravine system comprises nearly 20% of Toronto’s urban mosaic, it is composed of valleys and forests running through the urban matrix, and its biodiversity is disappearing at alarming rates, mainly due to non-native invasions. Red foxes might play a key role in the influx of seeds in ravines due to their ability to travel across the urban matrix, eating fruits opportunistically from gardens and orchards and hunting prey within the ravines, potentially linking highly disturbed green areas with ravine forest areas. Therefore, understanding seed dispersal by red foxes might be key in promoting landscape regeneration and containing alien expansion. However, no study yet has identified the plant species urban foxes disperse, nor identified their feeding areas and deposition areas. I aim to understand 1. Red fox movement patterns within patches of the urban mosaic and their differential use; 2. Identify fruit species dispersed around the city and their dispersal patterns; 3. Their potential seed dispersal distance. For this, I will use GPS devices to track their continuous movement and successively collect scats. Patches of the urban mosaic used by red foxes will be identified using iso-cluster categorization of the area in ArcGIS overlaid to movement data. Subsequently, in collaboration, I will develop models to further understand habitat use and land connectivity, i.e. a Bayesian state-space model to understand the differential use of habitats based on movement patterns, and a Network-based model of landscape dynamics to understand landscape connectivity based on the red fox dispersal capabilities. Seeds found in scats will be identified through barcoding since the DNA barcode reference library has sequence records for 96% of the 5108 known Canadian vascular plant species and their identification has been recently tested with high success rates using standard barcode markers (rbcL, matK, ITS2). Finally, potential seed dispersal distance for the most important dispersed species will be estimated following using movement data and gut passage time. Ultimately, I will answer whether red foxes are connecting urban green areas through seed exchange, which is the spatial extent of such functional connectivity and whether the array of seeds they disperse include invasive species that might pose a threat to the Toronto ravine system, or local species that will aid with its maintenance. The results of this analysis may then be of use for landscape management, promoting or limiting red fox movement to determined areas of the city based on their habitat use and their specific role in habitat regeneration.
城市红狐(Vulpes vulpes)主要是由于流行病学原因而被研究,然而,它们作为种子传播者发挥着重要作用。狐狸摄取的种子包括大量的植物物种,这些植物物种可能会被带到很远的地方,超出其他陆地哺乳动物的限制,最重要的是,跨越受干扰的地区。多伦多的峡谷系统包括近20%的多伦多的城市马赛克,它是由山谷和森林贯穿城市矩阵,其生物多样性正在以惊人的速度消失,主要是由于非本地入侵。赤狐可能在山谷种子的涌入中发挥关键作用,因为它们能够穿越城市基质,从花园和果园中伺机吃水果,并在山谷中狩猎猎物,可能将高度干扰的绿色地区与山谷森林地区联系起来。因此,了解赤狐的种子传播可能是促进景观更新和遏制外来扩张的关键。然而,还没有研究确定了城市狐狸分散的植物物种,也没有确定它们的觅食区和沉积区。我想了解1。赤狐在城市马赛克斑块内的运动模式及其差异化利用; 2.确定分布在城市周围的水果种类及其分布模式; 3.它们潜在的种子传播距离。为此,我将使用GPS设备来跟踪他们的连续运动,并连续收集粪便。红狐使用的城市马赛克补丁将使用ArcGIS中覆盖移动数据的区域的等簇分类来识别。随后,在合作中,我将开发模型,以进一步了解栖息地的使用和土地连接,即贝叶斯状态空间模型,以了解基于运动模式的栖息地的差异使用,和基于网络的景观动态模型,以了解基于红狐扩散能力的景观连接。在粪便中发现的种子将通过条形码识别,因为DNA条形码参考库具有5108种已知加拿大维管植物物种中96%的序列记录,并且最近使用标准条形码标记(rbcL,matK,ITS 2)对其进行了高成功率的鉴定。最后,最重要的分散物种的潜在种子传播距离将估计以下使用运动数据和肠道通过时间。最后,我将回答红狐是否通过种子交换连接城市绿色区域,这是这种功能连接的空间范围,以及它们散布的种子是否包括可能对多伦多峡谷系统构成威胁的入侵物种,或有助于维护的当地物种。这种分析的结果,然后可能是用于景观管理,促进或限制赤狐运动到确定的地区的城市的基础上,他们的栖息地使用和栖息地再生的具体作用。
项目成果
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Dr. Tiziana A. Gelmi-Candusso, Ph.D.其他文献
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