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Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Calue of Low Quality Roughage

提高低品质粗饲料营养价值的研究

基本信息

批准号：
01480094
负责人：
OHSHIMA Mitsuaki
金额：
$ 3.78万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Recently, many researches have been conducted on improving the nutritive value of low quality roughage such as straw, which is a most abundant but little nutritious resources as ruminant feed, by physical, chemical and biological treatments. Low quality roughage usually has insufficient level of nitrogen and slowly degradable fiber, which limits its voluntary intake. An adequate nitrogen supplement increases the voluntary intake, improves N utilization in animals and sometimes improves fiber digestibility.While herbages in vegetative stage are very high in fiber digestibility but contain excess soluble nutrients for ruminants. This excess can be easily removed into Green Juices (GJ) by pressing them leaving as nutritious residue as material crop.GJ contains much protein and soluble components and consequently may serve as a good additive source for low nitrogen feeds. If it is alkalized before addition to straw, an improvement of fiber digestibility can also be expected.Rice straw silage added with GJ at ensiling as to make the moisture content to 70%, contained 3-4% more crude protein than those ensiled with water. Addition of NaOH treated GJ was not only effective on improving the digestibility of fibrous components but also on increasing nitrogen retention of animals by reducing ruminal ammonia concentration, plasma urea level and urinary N excretion. But the improved fiber digestibility by the NaOH addition was 10% lower than that obtained on the rice straw silage added with ammonia treated GJ. The reason of the difference between the two alkali-treated silages are still under investigation but may be attributable to the different N content between them.

近年来，人们对秸秆等低品质粗饲料的营养价值进行了大量的研究，通过物理、化学和生物处理等方法来提高秸秆等反刍动物饲料的营养价值。低品质粗饲料通常氮素水平不足，纤维降解缓慢，限制了其自愿摄入量。充足的氮素补充增加了动物的自愿采食量，提高了动物的氮素利用率，有时还提高了纤维的消化率。营养生长期的牧草纤维消化率很高，但对反刍动物来说含有过量的可溶性营养物质。绿汁(GJ)含有大量蛋白质和可溶性成分，因此可以作为低氮饲料的良好添加剂来源。稻草青贮料在青贮期添加GJ使水分含量达到70%，粗蛋白质含量比加水青贮料高3~4个百分点。添加NaOH处理的GJ不仅能有效地提高动物对纤维成分的消化率，还能通过降低瘤胃氨浓度、血浆尿素水平和尿氮排泄量来提高动物的氮素存留率。但添加NaOH的稻草青贮料的纤维消化率比添加氨水处理的稻草青贮料降低了10%。两种碱处理青贮料差异的原因仍在调查中，但可能与它们的含氮量不同有关。