The Role of Prostaglandins in Learning and Memory

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1. Localization of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in the hippocampusImmunohistochemical localization of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase (PES) in monkey hippocampus was investigated by the use of monoclonal antibody against purified PES. PES-immunoreactivity was intense in the neurons in the hippocampu and cerebral cortex. Especially, the granular and pyramidal neurons in the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn of the hippocampus showed the most intense immunoreactivity. In the pyramidal cells in CA3 region, positive staining was seen the apical dendrites as well as the proximal dendrites and somata.2. Effects of PGs on long-term potentiation in the CA3 neurons of guinea pig hippocamp sliceThe experimental set-up for long-term potentiation was established by using hippocampal slices of guinea pig. Prostaglandin (PG) s D2, E2, and F2alpha upto 20 muM ha no effects on excitatory post-synaptic potential and long-term potentiation of CA3 neurons by tetanic stimuli of dentate gyrus.3. Novel cytosolic phospholipase A2 in the rat brain and its translocationWhen phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities were investigated in the rat brain, some activities with the major two peaks on the gel filtration column were found in the cytosolic fraction of the brain. Low molecular-weight form (PLAL) was active at neutral pH and absolutely required Ca^<2+> for its activity. In the reconstitution syste of partially purified PLAL and synaptosomal membranes from rat brain, PLAL associated with the membranes in a Ca^<2+>-dependent manner.4. Effect of PGE2 on the glutamate releaseBy using microdialysis technique, we investigated the effect of PGE2, whose receptor enriched in the hippocampus, on the release of glutamate which is considered to be major trigger for long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. PGE2 enhanced glutamate release in several portions of the brain.